The urban solid waste of the city of Indaiatuba (pop. 175 000), located in the state of São Paulo, was characterized, focusing on the recycling potential. For this purpose, collected waste was subdivided into 27 items, classified by mass and volume. About 90% of this waste was found to be potentially recyclable and only 10% requiring landfilling. The compostable organic matter, in the form of food and garden waste, both with high moisture content (51 and 41%, respectively), represents 54% in mass and 21% in volume. The most common type of plastic in this waste is high density polyethylene, whose estimated disposal is about 5000kgday(-1). A socio-economic analysis of the waste generation indicates that low-income neighbourhoods discard relatively less packaging and more food waste, shoes and construction debris than middle and high income ones, which may be due to low purchasing power and schooling. Our findings indicate that more aluminium and uncoloured polyethylene terephthalate is discarded in the warmest months of the year, probably due to a greater consumption of canned and bottled drinks.
os relacionados ao tratamento para tornar o efluente apto a novo consumo industrial ou ao despejo na rede coletora de esgoto. Isto porque a lavagem pode representar significativo impacto ambiental se seu efluente for descartado, como de fato é feito clandestinamente por algumas recicladoras, diretamente em rios, lagos ou lagoas ou indiretamente em galerias de água pluviais, ações que tem manchado a reputação "ecológica" da reciclagem de plásticos.A grosso modo, há duas formas de se obter filmes plás-ticos para a reciclagem. Uma forma é a coleta seletiva, que sabidamente auxilia a reciclagem por facilitar a captação de matéria-prima em quantidade e qualidade, e que pode ser realizada pela população, indústrias, catadores, sucateiros, cooperativas etc. Outra forma é a coleta comum ou misturada, realidade na grande maioria dos municípios brasileiros, e que tende a facilitar a impregnação de impurezas em todos os materiais de interesse para a reciclagem. IntroduçãoPela baixa densidade e elevada área superficial, os filmes plásticos descartados podem possuir uma grande quantidade de impurezas em relação ao seu peso. Estas impurezas podem ser provenientes do contato do plástico com o produto embalado durante a vida útil do filme e/ou com outros produtos descartados. Por melhor que seja a separação dos filmes em relação a outros resíduos, em muitos casos é imprescindível a lavagem para a retirada das impurezas ainda presentes na superfície dos filmes. Caso contrário, essas impurezas podem ser transferidas aos equipamentos de processamento, dificultando ou mesmo impedindo a obtenção de produtos de qualidade [1][2][3][4] .Dessa maneira, um sistema de lavagem eficiente transfere impurezas do plástico para a água. Esta transferência significa custos adicionais intrínsecos à etapa bem como Influence from the Type of Waste Collection (Mixed or Segregated) on Recycling Post-consumer Polyolefins FilmsAbstract: Polypropylene (PP), high density polyethylene (HDPE) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) films were studied according to the way their wastes are collected (segregated from or mixed with other residues) by evaluating the amount of impurities and the washing wastewater. It was found that the films from mixed collection presented at minimum 30% of impurities, while the films from segregated (or curbside) collection presented at maximum 10% of impurities. The amount of impurities and the wastewater turbidity indicated that 20% more material can be obtained from the films of segregated colletion, preferred by recyclers, in addition to having a simpler washing process because it only involves solids removal, unlike mixed collection which is associated with the impregnation of wet wastes. The effluents were also evaluated according to the total amount of solids, sediments and concentration of nine metals. The results showed that both types of collection generated similar wastewaters and their treatment requires two steps at the most: sedimentation and effluent dilution in the water body.
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