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Biogas and natural gas are interesting fuels with high H/C ratio. However, these gases frequently contain carbon dioxide and water which lowers the heat value of the gas and may induce corrosion. Therefore, the development of more efficient processes, such as membrane processes and improved adsorbents, for the separation of carbon dioxide and water from biogas and natural gas is of great importance. Zeolite ZSM-5 membranes are promising for this separation which is controlled by the adsorption and diffusion of the different species in the zeolite. Multicomponent adsorption data are therefore required for development of new membrane and adsorption processes. In the present work, the adsorption of water, carbon dioxide, and methane in a Na-ZSM-5 zeolite film at various temperatures was studied by in situ Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy for the first time. Adsorption isotherms were retrieved from the experimental data and the Langmuir model fitted the isotherms very well. Limiting heat of adsorption was determined from the Henryś law regime and the values determined agreed well with previously reported data. A few experiments were conducted with multicomponent mixtures and the experimentally determined amounts adsorbed were compared with values predicted by the Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory (IAST). It was found that for the binary mixture of carbon dioxide and methane there was good agreement between the experimental values and those predicted by the IAST. However, when water was also introduced, the IAST could not fully capture the adsorption behavior of the multicomponent mixture, probably because the adsorbed phase is not ideal. These findings are in line with previous reports for adsorption in zeolites. The multicomponent adsorption behavior of this system will be further investigated in forthcoming work.

Membrane separation of CO2 from natural gas, biogas, synthesis gas, and flu gas is a simple and energy-efficient alternative to other separation techniques. But results for CO2 -selective permeance have always been achieved by randomly oriented and thick zeolite membranes. Thin, oriented membranes have great potential to realize high-flux and high-selectivity separation of mixtures at low energy cost. We now report a facile method for preparing silica MFI membranes in fluoride media on a graded alumina support. In the resulting membrane straight channels are uniformly vertically aligned and the membrane has a thickness of 0.5 μm. The membrane showed a separation selectivity of 109 for CO2/H2 mixtures and a CO2 permeance of 51×10(-7) mol m(-2) s(-1) Pa(-1) at -35 °C, making it promising for practical CO2 separation from mixtures.

Improvement of synthesis methods for ZSM-5 zeolite, as a heteregeneous catalyst, is essential for a wide variety of different reactions in the chemical industry. Decreasing zeolite crystal size and introducing mesoporosity into the zeolite structure can improve its performance in catalytic reaction through decreasing the micropore diffusion path-length and increasing the external surface area. In this study, three different ZSM-5 zeolites (Nano-ZSM-5, Meso-ZSM-5, and Con-ZSM-5) were prepared by a singletemplating procedure, and the reaction of methanol to gasoline-range hydrocarbons was evaluated over synthesized ZSM-5 crystals in a fixed-bed continuous flow reactor. Good correlation was observed between catalytic performance, product distribution, mesoporosity, and crystal size of ZSM-5 zeolites. Both nanocrystal and mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites showed long-term catalytic stability compared with the conventional one. In contrast to conventional ZSM-5 catalyst, the nanocrystal and mesoporous ZSM-5 catalysts showed high selectivities for light olefins and alkyl aromatics, respectively, in the conversion of methanol to gasoline. These results clearly indicate that both crystal size and mesoporosity significantly influence the ZSM-5 lifetime and product distribution.

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