This article presents our research results on the physical-chemical and direct injection diesel engine performance parameters when fueled by pure diesel fuel and retail hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO). This fuel is called NexBTL by NESTE, and this renewable fuel blends with a diesel fuel known as Pro Diesel. A wide range of pure diesel fuel and NexBTL100 blends have been tested and analyzed: pure diesel fuel, pure NexBTL, NexBTL10, NexBTL20, NexBTL30, NexBTL40, NexBTL50, NexBTL70 and NexBTL85. The energy, pollution and in-cylinder parameters were analyzed under medium engine speed (n = 2000 and n = 2500 rpm) and brake torque load regimes (30–120 Nm). AVL BOOST software was used to analyze the heat release characteristics. The analysis of brake specific fuel consumption showed controversial results due to the lower density of NexBTL. The mass fuel consumption decreased by up to 4%, and the volumetric consumption increased by up to approximately 6%. At the same time, the brake thermal efficiency mainly increased by approximately 0.5–1.4%. CO, CO2, NOx, HC and SM were analyzed, and the change in CO was negligible when increasing NexBTL in the fuel blend. Higher SM reduction was achieved while increasing the percentage of NexBTL in the blends.

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The investigation for new innovative solutions to reduce transport pollution is a priority for the European Union (EU). This study includes energy and a sustainable environment, as well as transport, logistics, and information and communication technologies. Energy ecological parameters of internal combustion depend on many factors: fuel, the fuel injection time, engine torque, etc. The engine’s energy ecological parameters were studied by changing engine torques, using different fuels, and changing the start of the fuel injection time. The selection of the optimum parameters is a complex problem. Multicriteria decision-making methods (MCDM) present powerful and flexible techniques for the solution of many sustainability problems. The article presents a new way of tackling transport pollution. The analysis of the energy ecological parameters of the experimental internal combustion engine is performed using the neutrosophic multi-objective optimization by a ratio analysis plus the full multiplicative form (MULTIMOORA) and step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) methods. The application of MCDM methods provides us with the opportunity to establish the best alternatives which reflect the best energy ecological parameters of the internal combustion engine.

Currently, one of the major trends in the research of contemporary combustion engines involves the potential use of alternative fuels. Considerable attention has been devoted to methane, which is the main component of Natural Gas (NG) and can also be obtained by purification of biogas. In compression-ignition engines fired with methane or Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), it is necessary to apply a dual-fuel feeding system. This paper presents the effect of the proportion of CNG in a fuel dose on the process of combustion. The recorded time series of pressure in a combustion chamber was used to determine the repeatability of the combustion process and the change of fuel compression-ignition delay in the combustion chamber. It has been showed that NG does not burn completely in a dual-fuel engine. The best conditions for combustion are ensured with higher concentrations of gaseous fuel. NG ignition does not take place simultaneously with diesel oil ignition. Moreover, if a divided dose of diesel is injected, NG ignition probably takes place at two points, as diesel oil.

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