Objective To perform a systematic review of the literature concerning postoperative peripheral neuropathies associated with patient positioning during robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP). Patients and Methods A systematic review on articles published from January 1, 1990 to March 15, 2020 was performed in accordance with the PRISMA declaration (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis). The electronic search was done searching through the Cochrane Registry, PubMed/EMBASE, Medline, and Scopus. Relevant papers addressing postoperative peripheral neuropathies related to patient positioning during RARP were integrated into the analyses. Results After screening 4975 articles, one randomized controlled trial and five retrospective studies with a total of 63,667 patients were included in this review. Peripheral neuropathies of the upper extremities were documented in three articles with a total of 15 patients, peripheric neuropathies of the lower extremities were reported in five articles with a total of 76 patients. Analysis of the data was exploratory, since screening techniques, systematically reporting, and description of positioning techniques was not standardized or not reported. Conclusions The incidence of peripheral neuropathies at RARP varies between 1.3% and 10.8%. Lower extremities are more affected than upper extremities and the most important risk factors are intraoperative time duration, patients comorbidities, and ASA score. High‐quality prospective randomized studies to better assess the impact of patient positioning during RARP on the development postoperative peripheral neuropathies are needed.