Multiple organizations around the world have issued evidence‐based exercise guidance for patients with cancer and cancer survivors. Recently, the American College of Sports Medicine has updated its exercise guidance for cancer prevention as well as for the prevention and treatment of a variety of cancer health‐related outcomes (eg, fatigue, anxiety, depression, function, and quality of life). Despite these guidelines, the majority of people living with and beyond cancer are not regularly physically active. Among the reasons for this is a lack of clarity on the part of those who work in oncology clinical settings of their role in assessing, advising, and referring patients to exercise. The authors propose using the American College of Sports Medicine's Exercise Is Medicine initiative to address this practice gap. The simple proposal is for clinicians to assess, advise, and refer patients to either home‐based or community‐based exercise or for further evaluation and intervention in outpatient rehabilitation. To do this will require care coordination with appropriate professionals as well as change in the behaviors of clinicians, patients, and those who deliver the rehabilitation and exercise programming. Behavior change is one of many challenges to enacting the proposed practice changes. Other implementation challenges include capacity for triage and referral, the need for a program registry, costs and compensation, and workforce development. In conclusion, there is a call to action for key stakeholders to create the infrastructure and cultural adaptations needed so that all people living with and beyond cancer can be as active as is possible for them.
Vismodegib and sonidegib are Hedgehog pathway inhibitors (HPIs) approved for treatment of patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma. The adverse events (AEs) associated with these therapies can impact clinical outcomes as a result of decreased quality of life and treatment discontinuation. The incidence, clinical presentation, putative mechanisms, and management strategies for AEs related to administration of HPIs are described in this article.
INTRODUCTIONThere are approximately 17 million cancer survivors living in the United States, and by 2040, this estimate is predicted to increase to 26.1 million. 1 Exercise provides a myriad of health benefits to individuals during and after cancer treatment by reducing treatment-related symptoms, improving functional status and quality of life, and lowering the risk of disease recurrence. 2,3 Despite the established benefits, an individual's level of physical activity often decreases during treatment and does not return to prediagnosis levels after treatment completion. 4,5 Although exercise is regarded as safe and beneficial for individuals with cancer, promoting exercise for this population is complex. A patient-centered pathway is needed that can guide oncology and primary care professionals in the efficient assessment of an individual's condition and enable personalized referrals for exercise interventions that promote physical activity. The purpose of this article is to provide a framework for clinical decision making that enables personalized condition assessment, risk stratification, and referral to optimal settings for exercise promotion for cancer survivors. Implementation strategies are also offered to support the integration of this model into an oncology clinical workflow.With guidance from their medical provider, individuals are more likely to engage in exercise and maintain levels of physical activity during cancer treatments. 6 However, the number of individuals with cancer who report receiving exercise-specific guidance from their health care providers is low. 7 Of particular concern is the lack of knowledge and training among health care professionals about exercise prescription for this complex population. 8
LAY SUMMARY International evidence‐based guidelines support the prescription of exercise for all individuals living with and beyond cancer. This article describes the agenda of the newly formed Moving Through Cancer initiative, which has a primary objective of making exercise standard practice in oncology by 2029.
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