No abstract

Poor nutritional quality in the early stages of development is associated with neurological diseases in adulthood. Studies showed that obesity‐induced oxidative stress contributes to the genesis of neurological diseases through dysregulation of the brainstem and hypothalamus. Fluoxetine (Fx) is an antidepressant member in the family of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) that can induce positive effects by reducing oxidative damage in brain tissues. We aimed to evaluate the late effect of Fx in the brainstem and hypothalamus of overnourished rats during development. Male Wistar rats, after birth, were randomly divided into the normal‐nourished group (N, n = 9) and the overnourished group (O, n = 3). On the 39th day of life, the groups were subdivided into normofed, and the overnourished group treated or not with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg daily) (NF, NV, OF, and OV). All groups were treated from the 39th to the 59th day of life, and within 90 days, the tissues were collected for oxidative stress analysis. Briefly, our results showed that Fx treatment induced a tissue‐dependent long‐lasting effect in overfed animals, increasing the enzymatic defense (i.e., CAT and GST activity) in the hypothalamus, but more intensive, increasing the non‐enzymatic defense (i.e., Total Thiols and GSH levels) in the brainstem. Overall, our study suggests that serotonin modulation at the final stage of brain development causes a long‐lasting impact on brain structures in overfed rats at a different mode.

Transfusion is the medical act of transferring a blood or blood components (blood plasma, platelets, red blood cells and leukocytes from a donor to the circulatory system of a recipient. Transfusion is often used in surgical interventions, trauma, gastrointestinal bleeding or in other cases where there has been a large loss of blood. This study is based on a systematic review of the literature, using scientific articles with high scientific basis for a better understanding of the discussion. It was based on articles related to the proposed theme, where the following platforms were used for data collection; SciELO, Google Scholar, PubMed and DATASUS. Transfusion is defined as an intravenous therapy with whole blood or with blood components, depending on the availability and indication of transfusion. It is of paramount importance to know the care that guide blood transfusion and the possible complications that this therapeutic practice can bring to the patient. In this context, it can be concluded that blood transfusion is a technique that has become safer and more effective over time, due to new techniques created such as separation of blood components and serological testing so that there is a decrease in disease transmission.

Objetivo: Identificar os determinantes e condicionantes em saúde relacionados com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT). Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa de Revisão Integrativa da Literatura (RIL). Com o propósito de desenvolver a questão norteadora desta RIL, aplicaram-se os domínios da estratégia PICO, resultando na questão: “Quais os agravos relacionados às doenças crônicas não transmissíveis?”. Efetuou-se um levantamento bibliográfico em setembro de 2022 nas bases de dados: LILACS via BVS, e MEDLINE via PubMed. As estratégias de busca foram formuladas a partir dos descritores mencionados em português, inglês e espanhol, interligadas pelo operador booleano “AND”. Resultados: A vigilância dos fatores de risco e de proteção para DCNT permite identificar condicionantes sociais, econômicos e ambientais, e a análise dos dados por capitais pode subsidiar o planejamento de programas e ações locais de prevenção de doenças crônicas e seus fatores de risco, tanto individuais quanto coletivas. Conclusão: É possível concluir que a prevenção e controle das DCNT e seus condicionantes são fundamentais para conter o crescimento epidêmico dessas doenças e suas consequências à população e ao sistema de saúde.

Objective Evaluate the effects of maternal low-protein diet on the oxidative stress in the hypothalamus of 60-day-old rats. Methods Male Wistar rats were divided into two experimental groups according to the mother’s diet during pregnancy and lactation; control group (NP:17% casein n=6) and a malnourished group (LP:8% casein n=6). At 60 days of life, the rats were sacrificed for the collection of the hypothalamus for further biochemical analysis. Results Our results showed an increase in oxidative stress in malnourished group, observed through an increase in carbonyl content (p=0.0357), a reduction in the activity of the glutathione-S-transferase enzyme (p=0.0257), and a reduction in the non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity evidenced by the decrease in the ratio reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (p=0.0406) and total thiol levels (p=0.0166). Conclusion A low-protein diet during pregnancy and lactation is closely associated with increased oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant capacity in the hypothalamus of sixty-day-old rats.