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This paper examines the early aceramic Neolithic botanic assemblage from Chogha Golan, Iran, for signs of cultivation. Based on the presumption that people's engagement with the local vegetation altered due to a changing mode of residence and mobility during that period, its record of edible and useful plants ought to look different compared to that of the site's later assemblages that include domesticated emmer. The study involved data from coeval sites in the region and three Palaeolithic outliers, including Ghar-e Boof, a Rostamian cave occupation in the Zagros Mountains. Though the information does not refute efforts at cultivation at the site during the midden's initial occupation, the analyses rather suggest that a realignment of hunter-gatherer traditions took place, with local plant exploitation targeting a wider breadth in the landscape. Inherited subsistence strategies were adapted to the new human and natural setting inhabited, in which high yield legumes and grasses dominated procurement and became the focus of the incipient agricultural transformations underway.

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This article examines the similarities and differences in the charcoal assemblage recovered from indigenous (pre-contact) roadside settlements, the Roman arrival and their subsequent occupation of the region. Samples taken from various archaeological features which form part of the surrounding system of strip fields, structures bordering a road junction, an industrial quarter and a vicus are investigated for remnants of fuel, craft and construction. Temporal and spatial changes in composition are interpreted as the result of pressure on firewood supply due to settlement developments and reorganisation. The recovered charcoal assemblage is mostly the product of deposition of those taxa that are most numerous on site -due to their usefulness as fuel or in construction. The distinct proportion of less common taxa in mature stands -lime, elm and maple -evince opportunistic foraging of fuel from beyond the usual firewood collection range as well as local manufacture of tools and use in carpentry.Key words: anthracology, Roman Britain, wood exploitation, roadside settlement. Resumen:En este artículo se analizan las similitudes y diferencias en el registro antracológico entre los niveles indígenas (pre-contacto) y aquellos resultantes a partir de la presencia romana en un yacimiento situado junto a una vía de comunicación. Las muestras, vinculadas a su uso como combustible, trabajos artesanales y constructivos, se han tomado de diferentes espacios arqueológicos, que formaban parte del sistema de campos circundantes, de las estructuras que limitaban el cruce de caminos, de un área industrial y de un vicus. Los cambios espaciales y temporales identificados en el registro se interpretan en relación a la presión para la obtención de leña, provocada por el desarrollo del asentamiento y su reorganización. El conjunto de carbones recuperado es resultado, mayoritariamente, de la deposición de aquellos taxa más abundantes debido a su uso como leña y en la construcción. La distinta proporción de aquellos taxa menos comunes -tilo, olmo y arceevidencian prácticas oportunísticas de obtención de leña, así como su uso para la fabricación de utensilios y en labores de carpintería. Palabras clave: antracología, Britania romana, explotación de madera, asentamiento junto a una vía. Dpt. of Post Excavation. Northern Archaeological Associates.on contrasts in the charcoal assemblage oF a late iron age and romano-british roadside settlement Comparación entre el registro antracológico de las ocupaciones de la Edad del Hierro Final y del período romano-britano en un yacimiento junto a una vía