Hypoxic regions of tumours are associated with increased resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. Nevertheless, hypoxia has been used as a tool for specific activation of some antitumour prodrugs, named bioreductive agents. Phenazine dioxides are an example of such bioreductive prodrugs. Our 2D-quantitative structure activity relationship studies established that phenazine dioxides electronic and lipophilic descriptors are related to survival fraction in oxia or in hypoxia. Additionally, statistically significant models, derived by partial least squares, were obtained between survival fraction in oxia and comparative molecular field analysis standard model (r² = 0.755, q² = 0.505 and F = 26.70) or comparative molecular similarity indices analysis-combined steric and electrostatic fields (r² = 0.757, q² = 0.527 and F = 14.93), and survival fraction in hypoxia and comparative molecular field analysis standard model (r² = 0.736, q² = 0.521 and F = 18.63) or comparative molecular similarity indices analysis-hydrogen bond acceptor field (r² = 0.858, q² = 0.737 and F = 27.19). Categorical classification was used for the biological parameter selective cytotoxicity emerging also good models, derived by soft independent modelling of class analogy, with both comparative molecular field analysis standard model (96% of overall classification accuracy) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis-steric field (92% of overall classification accuracy). 2D- and 3D-quantitative structure-activity relationships models provided important insights into the chemical and structural basis involved in the molecular recognition process of these phenazines as bioreductive agents and should be useful for the design of new structurally related analogues with improved potency.
La atrazina es un herbicida que se utiliza para el control de malezas anuales y gramíneas perennes. Aunque se encuentra prohibido en la Unión Europea por su toxicidad y la de sus metabolitos, en Uruguay ocupa el segundo lugar de importancia en volúmenes de importación. La presencia de atrazina ha sido especialmente relevante en algunos cursos de agua que surten a las plantas potabilizadoras nacionales. El principal mecanismo de eliminación de la atrazina en ambientes con pH neutro es la degradación bacteriana. Los microorganismos pueden degradar atrazina produciendo intermediarios de variada persistencia y toxicidad, o mineralizarla dando amonio y anhídrido carbónico. La separación y detección de estos intermediarios es importante para seleccionar consorcios bacterianos apropiados para aplicar en un proceso de biorremediación. En este trabajo se desarrolló un método isocrático de cromatografía líquida de alta performance (HPLC) usando un agente de par iónico y fase reversa para separar atrazina de algunos de sus metabolitos en un medio de cultivo sintético. Este método resultó adecuado para detectar los intermediarios de la degradación producidos por consorcios bacterianos autóctonos seleccionados. También se utilizó para determinar si un consorcio bacteriano activo podía degradar la atrazina adsorbida sobre carbón activado.
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