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INTRODUCTION: Ischemic Colitis (IC) is the most common form of intestinal ischemic disorders. This disease process typically affects older adults and is the result of non-occlusive hypoperfusion, which can be precipitated by a multitude of risk factors. Patients usually present with lower abdominal pain and hematochezia. A colonoscopy with biopsies is the gold standard for diagnosis. Increasingly, medications have been associated with contributing to this disease process. Here, we report a unique case of IC attributed to Docetaxel, a taxane class chemotherapeutic agent. CASE DESCRIPTION/METHODS: A 76-year-old Caucasian female with a history of multi-focal intraductal carcinoma (Stage IIA), hypertension, and diverticulosis presented to the emergency room (ER) with complaints of lower back and abdominal pain. She had begun therapy with Docetaxel and Cyclophosphamide 8 days prior to presentation. In the ER, she was afebrile, neutropenic (ANC 400), and hypotensive requiring supportive care including antibiotics, fluids and a very brief course of norepinephrine. She was subsequently admitted to the intensive care unit where her neutropenia was noted to have resolved and antibiotics were discontinued in setting of negative cultures. On hospital day 3, she complained of continued abdominal pain and hematochezia with CT imaging that demonstrated bowel wall thickening and mild inflammatory changes in the sigmoid/descending colon. Subsequently, a colonoscopy was performed and showed circumferential, violaceous mucosa consistent with IC. Antibiotics were restarted and the patient was treated supportively with complete resolution of symptoms. Following hospital discharge, she was evaluated by her oncologist who discontinued her Docetaxel and initiated therapy with Paclitaxel. No recurrence of her symptoms have been noted and repeat cross sectional imaging demonstrated resolution of colonic thickening in the previously noted watershed distribution. DISCUSSION: IC is a rare but serious complication that has been described in patients receiving Docetaxel. Among the 6 reported cases, symptoms occur within 10 days of Docetaxel administration. Patients present with abdominal pain and hematochezia in the setting of neutropenia with or without fever. This type of IC is often severe, with spontaneous perforation, bowel necrosis, and a reported mortality rate of 40-50%. Although underreported, Docetaxel use is a risk factor for developing IC, one deserving of more clinical awareness.

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