The nicotinamide coenzymes consumed in alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzed enantioselective reduction of ketones are expensive and thus require recycling. We have demonstrated that ruthenium(II) and rhodium-(III) complexes are effective catalysts for the reduction of nicotinamide coenzymes with hydrogen, under conditions that are appropriate for in situ coupling with enzymatic reductions.

Aryl nitriles have been found to participate in cross-coupling and amination reactions via nickel-catalyzed activation of the C-CN bond. With the development of these synthetically useful transformations, aryl nitriles can now be considered along with aryl halides and sulfonates as viable substrates for these types of reactions.

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