Introduction
The aim of this study is to develop a new measure of victimization and perpetration of two frequent forms of image‐based sexual abuse, namely sextortion (i.e., the threat of distributing sexual images to pressure the victim into doing something) and nonconsensual sexting (i.e., distributing sexual images of someone without the consent of the victim). Additional aims were to analyze the prevalence of these forms of victimization and perpetration and to examine their temporal stability over a 1‐year period.
Methods
The sample was made up of 1820 Spanish adolescents (mean age = 13.38, SD = 1.42; 929 girls, 878 boys, 3 nonbinary, and 10 did not indicate gender) who completed self‐report instruments on image‐based sexual abuse and related variables (e.g., cyberbullying victimization).
Results
Confirmatory factor analysis supported a structure composed of the four hypothesized factors: sextortion victimization and perpetration, and nonconsensual sexting victimization and perpetration. Higher sexting, cyberbullying victimization, and symptoms of depression and anxiety had stronger associations with image‐based sexual victimization than with perpetration, which showed evidence of concurrent validity. Prevalence was 2.6% and 0.7% for sextortion victimization and perpetration, respectively, and 3.4% and 4.9% for nonconsensual sexting victimization and perpetration, respectively. Temporal stability over 1 year was .26 for sextortion victimization, .19 for nonconsensual sexting victimization, .33 for nonconsensual sexting perpetration (all ps < .001), and nonsignificant for sextortion perpetration. The stability of nonconsensual sexting victimization was significantly higher for girls compared to boys, whereas nonconsensual sexting perpetration was more stable over 1 year for boys.
Conclusions
Future studies must advance the analysis of the predictors and consequences of image‐based sexual abuse among adolescents to better prevent this problem. Prevalence of sextortion and nonconsensual sexting is not negligible, and these problems should be particularly addressed in prevention programs.
En este artículo se recoge una propuesta para profundizar en la praxis crítica del Trabajo Social. Se parte de una comprensión de esta profesión como artesanía de las conexiones que favorece la sensibilidad de esta forma de praxis, y se plantea incorporar la perspectiva interseccional en los momentos de su puesta en marcha: la alfabetización, la identificación del malestar y la contradicción estructural que lo genera, y la experimentación reflexiva. Se explica que la interseccionalidad, como herramienta analítica, puede interesar a la práctica del agente-trabajador social porque permite una comprensión contextualizada de la complejidad con la que se experimenta la opresión, facilitando la labor de realizar conexiones orientadas a la justicia social. Asímismo, con el propósito de abrir el diálogo sobre las posibilidades de esta propuesta, se problematiza la soledad no deseada a la luz de la interseccionalidad y se explora el papel del/a trabajador/a social en la gestión de la acción pública contra este malestar.
The use of a fluidised bed reactor and a conductivity cell provide a technique for the study of degradation of PVC with greatly increased sensitivity. The kinetics of the reaction may be studied at 350 K and for small (1%) amounts of degradation. The effects of diffusion within the particles may be distinguished from that of diffusion in the surrounding atmosphere. The influence of temperature and particle size and sintering were examined. The catalytic effect of HCl was confirmed and an apparent activation energy of 29 kcal mol−1 was observed.
Effectiveness of the application of the Echomantra in an adolescent girl with anorexia nervosa and her caregiver: A case study. The aim of the ECHOMANTRA program is to facilitate the transition from hospital back into the community. ECHOMANTRA is based on interventions for carers (Experienced Carers Helping Others, ECHO; Treasure et al. 2016) and patients (Maudsley Model of Anorexia Nervosa Treatment for Adults, MANTRA; Schmidt, et al., 2014). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the ECHOMANTRA program, applied together with the usual treatment, in a 15-yearold adolescent girl with anorexia nervosa (AN) and her mother. A single case design and pre-post measures were used, as well as follow-up at 3 and 6 months. The patient was assessed for: eating pathology (EDE-Q), emotional state (DASS-21), psychosocial adjustment (EQ-5D-5L and CIA 3.0) and motivation to change. In the mother: expressed emotion (FQ), symptom impact (EDSIS), accommodation to illness (EAISA), emotional state (DASS-21) and her caregiver skills (CSS) were assessed. Both programs consisted of 8 on-line sessions, which were conducted individually and on a weekly basis. The results showed a reduction in AN symptomatology, increased BMI, improved emotional state, motivation to change and psychosocial adjustment; and in the mother, improved emotional state and caregiving skills, and reduced accommodation to illness, expressed emotion and the impact of symptoms. These changes were maintained at follow-up. Both patient and family valued the program as satisfactory. Both the acceptability and efficiency of treatment for AN may be improved by using ECHOMANATRA to prepare for transition from inpatient care, by giving support to both patients and their carers.
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