Abstract:We provide representations of solutions to terminal value problems of inhomogeneous Black-Scholes equations and studied such general properties as min-max estimates, gradient estimates, monotonicity and convexity of the solutions with respect to the stock price variable, which are important for financial security pricing. In particular, we focus on finding representation of the gradient (with respect to the stock price variable) of solutions to the terminal value problems with discontinuous terminal payoffs or inhomogeneous terms. Such terminal value problems are often encountered in pricing problems of compound-like options such as Bermudan options or defaultable bonds with discrete default barrier, default intensity and endogenous default recovery. Our results are applied in pricing defaultable discrete coupon bonds.

Abstract. In this article, we study the problem of pricing defaultable bond with discrete default intensity and barrier under constant risk free short rate using higher order binary options and their integrals. In our credit risk model, the risk free short rate is a constant and the default event occurs in an expected manner when the firm value reaches a given default barrier at predetermined discrete announcing dates or in an unexpected manner at the first jump time of a Poisson process with given default intensity given by a step function of time variable, respectively. We consider both endogenous and exogenous default recovery. Our pricing problem is derived to a solving problem of inhomogeneous or homogeneous Black-Scholes PDEs with different coefficients and terminal value of binary type in every subinterval between the two adjacent announcing dates. In order to deal with the difference of coefficients in subintervals we use a relation between prices of higher order binaries with different coefficients. In our model, due to the inhomogenous term related to endogenous recovery, our pricing formulae are represented by not only the prices of higher binary options but also the integrals of them. So we consider a special binary option called integral of i-th binary or nothing and then we obtain the pricing formulae of our defaultable corporate bond by using the pricing formulae of higher binary options and integrals of them.