A new way of probing new physics in the B meson system is provided. We define double ratios for the observables of B d,s -B d,s mixings and B d,s → μ + μ − decays, and find simple relations between the observables. By using the relations we predict the yet-to-be-measured branching ratio of B d → μ + μ − to be (0.809-1.03)×10 −10 , up to the new physics models.

The unparticle effects on the B s -B s mixing is revisited. Taking into account the unitarity constraints on the unparticle operators, we find that the contribution of the vector unparticle is very suppressed compared to that of the scalar unparticle. This is due to the fact that the lower bound of the scaling dimension of the vector-unparticle operator is larger. It is also shown that the mixing phase from the scalar unparticle is negative, and unparticles can produce large mixing phase.

The effects of the soft gluon emission in hard scattering processes at the phase boundary are resummed in the soft-collinear effective theory (SCET). In SCET, the soft gluon emission is decoupled from the energetic collinear part, and is obtained by the vacuum expectation value of the soft Wilson-line operator. The form of the soft Wilson lines is universal in deep inelastic scattering, in the Drell-Yan process, in the jet production from e + e − collisions, and in the γ * γ * → π 0 process, but its analytic structure is slightly different in each process. The anomalous dimensions of the soft Wilson-line operators for these processes are computed along the light-like path at leading order in SCET and to first order in α s , and the renormalization group behavior of the soft Wilson lines is discussed.Here the integration path C is determined by the kinematics of the processes, T orders gauge fields A a µ (z) in time, and P orders the generators T a of the SU(N) gauge group along the path C. The difference between W (C) and W T (C) is that the gluon fields in W (C) are ordered along the path C, but not according to time. Therefore on different parts of the path C, the gluon fields are time or anti-time ordered. The minute difference in the definitions of W T (C) and W (C) affects the analytic structure of the soft Wilson lines.The main theme of the paper is to study the analytic structure of the Wilson lines, especially the soft Wilson lines in SCET near the boundary of the phase space. We show that the soft Wilson lines appear universally in deep inelastic scattering, in the Drell-Yan process and in the jet production from e + e − collisions, in which the Wilson lines appear in the matrix elements squared or the discontinuity of the forward scattering amplitude. They

Laser-induced Raman microscopy has been used to illustrate its applicability for the in situ monitoring of imine formation reaction in a glass microfluidic chip. In order to monitor the diffusion process in a micro channel, the Raman spectra were measured at various points along the channel with a constant flow rate of 2.7 µl min −1 . Time-dependent Raman spectra were also measured without flow in order to monitor the variation of Raman peaks to a complete conversion. The disappearance of the C O stretching peak at 1700 cm −1 of the reactant, benzaldehyde, and the appearance of the Raman peak for the product, an imine, at 1628 cm −1 were successfully monitored. In addition, the intensity increases of three phenyl stretching modes in the 1550-1630 cm −1 region were also observed. The increase in Raman intensity for this vibrational mode is caused by an effective p-electron conjugation between two phenyl rings through the -C N -bridging group of the product. Laser-induced Raman microscopy enables us to monitor in situ product formation and to obtain detailed structural information in a glass microfluidic chip.