The objective of this study was to determine the effects of game based weight-bearing training (GBWB T) on lower extremity muscle activation and balance in stroke patients. Methods: Thirty subjects were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group I (n= 15) and control group II (n= 15). Each group was provided intervention under two conditions, as follows: in the Game based weight-bearing training (group I), 30 minutes per day, five times per week, with physical therapy for 30 minutes, and in the functional weight-bearing training (group II), 30 minutes per day, five times per week, with physical therapy for 30 minutes The training program was conducted for a period of eight weeks. Subje cts were measured on lower extremity muscle (rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius) by electromyography and balance by Biorescue. ANCOVA was performed for comparison of lower extremity muscle activation and balance between different intervention methods. All patients were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the treatment protocol. Statistical significance was tested between the patients before and after treatment by t-test. Results: Significant difference in lower extremity muscle activation was observed in experimental group I compared with control group II (p< 0.05). Significant difference in balance was observed in experimental group I compared with control group II (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest that game based weight-bearing training may have a beneficial effect on improvement of lower extremity muscle activation and balance in stroke patients.

We investigated that the relationship between body fat content and maximal muscle strength when skeletal muscle mass was matched. Muscle mass was measured from 140 preliminary selected people, and 30 males were finally selected and divided into one of four experimental groups: low body fat (group 1, ≤11.9%), low-moderate fat (group 2, 12.0%−16.9%), moderate-high fat (group 3, 17.0%−22.9%), high fat (group 4, ≥23.0%). All subjects undertook one repetition maximum (1RM) test of abdominal and back upper body's and lower body's, and bench press, squat, and back strength dynamometer was used. Repeated oneway analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test was adopted to specify mean differences among groups. Statistical significance level was set at α=0.05. 1RM of bench press was not different among groups (p＞0.05) even though values from group 2 was marginally higher (15.9%) than group 1 values (p=0.091). 1RM of squat was higher in group 4 compared to group 2 and group 3 (p＜0.05), and maximal back muscular strength was higher in group 1 and group 3 than group 2 (p＜0.05). However, total 1RM values, sum of 1RM obtained from different exercises, did not reveal any statistical differences. No notable correlation was found between percent body fat (%BF) and maximal muscular strength. Interestingly, negative correlation of muscular strength was observed between %BF and relative (per kilogram) body mass (p＜0.001), but not with between %BF and relative skeletal muscle mass. Therefore, it was concluded that maximal muscular strength is influenced not by fat mass but by skeletal muscle mass.

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