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Objective Agriculture is a hazardous industry. However, previous studies have focused on injuries to agricultural workers without comparison with injuries to nonagricultural workers. Therefore, we compared the clinical characteristics and outcomes of injuries reported at an emergency department (ED) between agricultural workers and nonagricultural workers.Methods We established a prospective ED-based agricultural injury surveillance system at a tertiary university hospital. Adult patients visiting the ED for an injury were divided into farmer and non-farmer groups depending on their engagement with agriculture. Using an adjusted multivariate analysis and propensity score matching (age, sex, inhabitant, and insurance type), we compared the clinical characteristics and outcomes of injuries between the farmer and non-farmer groups.Results In total, 38,556 injured adult patients (37,746 in the non-farmer group and 810 in the farmer group) were available for the unmatched sample analysis. The 1,620 matched subjects were equally classified after one-to-one nearest-neighbor propensity score matching. A multivariate logistic regression analysis of the unmatched sample revealed higher adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for intensive care unit admission (adjusted OR, 1.752; P=0.003) and overall surgery (adjusted OR, 1.870; P<0.001) in the farmer group. In contrast, univariate logistic regression analyses of the propensity score–matched sample found a higher OR in the farmer group only for overall surgery (OR, 1.786; P<0.001).Conclusion Injuries of agricultural workers had higher odds only of requiring surgery; differences in injury-related mortality between groups were not statistically significant in either the matched or unmatched sample analyses.

Background Sirtuins mediate metabolic responses to nutrient availability and slow aging and accompanying decline in health. This study was designed to assess the expressions of sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and sirtuin3 (SIRT3) in the liver and hypothalamus after duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery in rats. Methods A total of 38 rats were randomly assigned to either sham group (n=8) or DJB group (n=30). DJB group was again divided into three groups according to the elapsed time after surgery (10 weeks, DJB10; 16 week, DJB16; 28 week, DJB28). The mRNA and protein expressions of SIRT1 and SIRT3 in the liver and hypothalamus were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry analyses. NAD + /NADH ratio was also measured. Results We found increased mRNA and protein expression levels of SIRT1 in the liver of DJB16 and DJB28 groups compared with those of sham group. The mRNA and protein expressions of SIRT3 in the liver of DJB group increased proportionally to the elapsed time after DJB surgery. The mRNA expression levels of SIRT1 in the hypothalamus increased in DJB16 and DJB28 groups and protein expression levels of SIRT1 in the hypothalamus increased in DJB10, DBJ16, and DJB28 groups compared with sham group. We observed that mRNA and protein levels of SIRT3 in the hypothalamus of DJB group were not changed. Conclusion This study proves that DJB increases SIRT1 and SIRT3 expressions in the liver and SIRT1 expression in the hypothalamus. These results suggest the possibility of sirtuins being involved in bypass surgery-induced metabolic changes.