Multifunctional nanoporous graphene is realized as a heat generator to convert solar illumination into high-energy steam. The novel 3D nanoporous graphene demonstrates a highly energy-effective steam generation with an energy conversation of 80%.

The "edge-free" monolayer MoS2 films supported by 3D nanoporous gold show high catalytic activities towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), originating from large out-of-plane strains that are geometrically required to manage the 3D curvature of bicontinuous nanoporosity. The large lattice bending leads to local semiconductor-to-metal transition of 2H MoS2 and the formation of catalytically active sites for HER.

discharge and charge. These problems cause early cell death, poor Coulombic efficiency (CE), rapid cycling capacity decay, and catastrophic thermal runaway. [9][10][11][12] To overcome the above thorny issues, extensive endeavors have been revived and a number of strategies have been proposed and practiced. For example, strengthening the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) films by engineering liquid electrolytes with functional additives (LiNO 3 , Cs + , LiF, etc.) or employing solid electrolytes to prevent the Li dendrites. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] However, these efforts cannot accommodate the infinite volume changes of Li metal during lithium stripping/plating, which can damage the contact interfaces between the electrolytes and Li anodes for continuous charge/discharge cycling. Porous and conductive scaffolds are expected to simultaneously suppress the Li dendrite growth and minimize the volume changes of Li metal electrodes. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Such host materials with a large specific surface area not only lower the local effective current density to form a uniform Li-ion flux but also provide an ample space to accommodate Li. Multifarious porous metal foams, such as 3D porous Cu foils and Cu-Ni core-shell nanowire networks, have behaved as effective hosts of Li. [23,27,28] However, the high mass density of these porous metals dramatically reduces the overall energy density of the composite electrodes, and dissipates the advantages of Li-metal anodes in specific capacity and energy density. In this respect, it is highly desirable to develop lightweight, flexible, conductive, and porous host materials with a lower interfacial energy with lithium.Lightweight porous carbon materials, including carbon nanotube and graphene exhibit distinct advantages over porous metals. [10,[29][30][31][32][33] The appealing characteristics of low mass density, excellent electrical conductivity, and chemical stability render them as promising host materials of Li anodes. [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] However, these carbon skeletons are usually lithium-phobic and require Li seed growth or additional lithiophilic surface modification to load Li. [42][43][44][45][46][47] Additionally, conventional porous carbon hosts with relatively large pore size (>10 µm) cannot efficiently dissipate large current densities due to limited surface areas, deteriorating the high rate performance of Limetal anodes. [29,31,36] Technically, it is difficult to efficiently pack 1D carbon nanotube and 2D graphene sheets into a 3D porous structure that can simultaneously achieve high porosity, largeThe key bottlenecks hindering the practical implementations of lithiummetal anodes in high-energy-density rechargeable batteries are the uncontrolled dendrite growth and infinite volume changes during charging and discharging, which lead to short lifespan and catastrophic safety hazards. In principle, these problems can be mitigated or even solved by loading lithium into a high-surface-area, conductive, and lithiophilic porous scaffold. However, ...