Chitosan-grafted thymol (CST) coated on gold nanoparticles
has
been synthesized and characterized for the design of antimicrobial
materials. CST was synthesized via adapting the Mannich reaction,
and it acted as the capping agent for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles
(AuNPs). The grafting of thymol onto the side chain of chitosan has
provided a degree of substitution value (%DS
NMR
) of 10.0%,
calculated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. UV–visible
spectrometry and elemental analysis were used to confirm the successful
synthesis of CST through adapting the Mannich reaction. The appropriate
concentration of CST for AuNP synthesis was found to be 0.020%w/v.
A red-wine colloidal AuNP solution of 2.41–3.30 nM particle
size exhibits a strong surface plasmon resonance at 502 nm, which
shows negative charges at pH = 9 of −36.37 mV. This result
evidenced that the AuNPs showed electrostatic repulsion and CST played
a role as a capping agent to provide a good dispersion and stability
state. CST coated on the AuNP surface was successfully utilized for
the control of cariogenic bacteria in the oral cavity. The results
obtained from this study show that the tuning of the capping agent
used in the synthesis step strongly influences the latter antimicrobial
activity of the nanoparticles against
Streptococcus
mutans
ATCC 25175 and
Streptococcus
sobrinus
ATCC 33402 activity, with an inhibition zone
of 15.90 and 14.25 mm, respectively. The average minimum inhibitory
concentration values against
S. mutans
ATCC 25175 and
S. sobrinus
ATCC 33402
were found to be 25 and 100 mg/L, respectively, whereas the minimum
bactericidal concentration values were 100 and 200 mg/L, respectively.
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