Preparation of 98% ee (R)-4-chloro-2-butanol was carried out by the enzymatic hydrolysis of chlorohydrin esters, using fungal resting cells and commercial enzymes. Hydrolyzes were carried out using lipases from Candida antarctica (Novozym 435), C. rugosa, Rhizomucor miehei (Lipozyme IM), Burkolia cepacia, and resting cells of Rhizopus oryzae and Aspergillus flavus. The influence of the enzyme, the solvent, the temperature, and the alkyl chain length on the selectivity of hydrolyzes of isomeric mixtures of chlorohydrin esters is described. Regioselectivity was higher than 95% for some of the tested lipases. Novozym 435 allowed preparation of the (R)-4-chloro-2-butanol after 15 min of reaction at 30-40 degrees C.
A new methodology for obtaining chlorohydrin esters using a one-pot esterification-chlorination reaction, in which one of the reagents, chlorotrimethylsilane, acts as solvent, is described. The reaction is stereospecific and its regioselectivity depends on the number of carbons between the hydroxyl groups present in the starting material. A mechanism is proposed.
ResumenEn este estudio se evaluó la actividad antioxidante de los extractos acuoso y orgánicos de Bauhinia kalbreyeri Harms, reportada por la medicina folclórica Colombiana como antidiabética. Se evaluaron los extractos midiendo su capacidad de captación de radicales libres utilizando el método del 1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidracil (DPPH). Los extractos etanólicos y acuosos, alcanzaron una actividad secuestrante del radical DPPH mayor a 90% en casi todas las concentraciones (5-120 µg/ml); las concentraciones efectivas fueron bajas, confirmando el alto potencial antioxidante. El poder reductor reveló depender del solvente extractor y del uso de hoja o corteza, pero independiente de la concentración; el extracto etanólico de corteza evidenció alto potencial reductor. Los extractos etanólico y acuoso de corteza mostraron la mayor cantidad de fenoles. La planta puede ser considerada una buena fuente de antioxidantes naturales, que podrían contrarrestar el exceso de radicales libres, y así ejercer las propiedades terapéuticas atribuidas, más que actuar como hipoglicemiante. Palabras claves: Bauhinia kalbreyeri, actividad antioxidante, método del DPPH, radicales libres, poder reductor Antioxidant Potential of Bauhinia Kalbreyeri Harms (FABACEAE) AbstractAntioxidant activity of aqueous and organics extracts from the leaf and bark of Bauhinia kalbreyeri Harms it is describes, this plant has been determined by the Colombian ethnomedicine as antidiabetic. The extracts were evaluated for their free radical scavenging activity by DPPH method. Ethanol an aqueous extracts showed the higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than 90% in almost all the concentration tested (5-120 µg/ml), the efficient concentrations were low, supported the high inhibitory potential. The reducing power reveled dependence on the extractor solvent and the use of leaf or bark, but independent from the concentration; ethanolic extract of bark exhibited a high reductive potential. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of bark showed greatest phenols amount. The plant can be considered as a good source of natural antioxidants, that could resist the excess of free radicals, hence exert the therapeutic properties attributed, more than act as a hypoglycaemic. O 2 , entre otros). Quizá la fuente endógena más importante generadora de EROS es la cadena respiratoria mitocondrial, aunque también pueden incluirse algunas reacciones del metabolismo de los prostanoides, la autoxidación de las catecolaminas, la actividad de la xantina oxidasa y la activación de fagocitos y células endoteliales (Ríos de Molina, 2003;Ferrari, 1994). KeywordsEn situación patológica se incrementan sustancialmente estas especies químicas, provocando una alteración orgánica conocida como estrés oxidativo caracterizado por el daño a biomoléculas, viéndose implicadas en la génesis o exacerbación de numerosos procesos en el aparato cardiovascular (aterosclerosis, cardiopatía alcohólica), sistema neurológico (enfermedad de Parkinson, Alzheimer, traumatismos craneales), aparato ocular (catarata, fibropla...
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