Introduction: The rights of banks as separatist creditors in the UU-KPKPU cannot be implemented. Banks also often get a share that is not under the amount of debtor debt, causing injustice.Purposes of the Research: This study aims to analyze and explain the forms of justice problems in legal protection efforts against banks as separatist creditors related to the execution of collateral tied with mortgage rights on the assets of bankrupt debtors and their solutions.Methods of the Research: This research uses normative legal research. Research materials were used, namely secondary data and primary data as a support. This research material was collected by document study and interviews. The material that has been collected is then processed and analyzed using a qualitative approach, which is then drawn to conclusions using the deductive method.Results of the Research: There are two forms of the problem of justice in the legal protection of banks as separatist creditors related to the execution of collateral tied with mortgage rights on the assets of the bankrupt debtor. First, the neglect of bank rights as separatist creditors by UU-KPKPU can be seen in the provisions of Article 56 paragraph (1) and 59 paragraph (1) which contradicts Article 55 paragraph (1). Second, banks as separatist creditors often get a share that is not under the amount of debt of the bankrupt debtor. The author suggests that the UU-KPKPU be changed based on distributive justice which requires proportional distribution.

This article examines the ineffective of the mediation process in divorce disputes at the Palembang Religious Court during the period from 2020 to 2022. Data was collected through observations, documentation, and interviews with litigants and judges involved in divorce cases at the Palembang Religious Court. Relying on the legal effectiveness theory, the study found that over a span of three years (2020, 2021, and 2022), the Palembang Religious Court successfully mediated only 33 divorce disputes (0.45%) out of a total of 7,338 cases. This indicates that mediation of divorce disputes at the court has not been effectively implemented. The article also reveals several factors contributing to this ineffectiveness, including (1) the complex background and reasons for the parties involved in the disputes, (2) an imbalance between the number of mediator judges and the number of cases brought to the court, (3) a lack of good faith on the part of the parties to engage in the mediation process, (4) inadequate resources and facilities, and (5) a low legal culture and poor legal awareness among the litigants. These findings reinforce the results of previous research on the ineffectiveness of mediation in divorce lawsuits in various courts across Indonesia.Abstrak: Artikel ini mengkaji problem tidak efektifnya proses mediasi sengketa perceraian di Pengadilan Agama Palembang selama rentang waktu 2020 hingga 2022. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara dengan sejumlah narasumber, baik yang berperkara maupun yang menangani perkara perceraian di Pengadian Agama Palembang. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dalam kurun waktu tiga tahun (2020, 2021 dan 2022), Pengadilan Agama Palembang hanya berhasil memediasi 33 sengketa perceraian (0.45%) dari total 7.338 sengekta perceraian. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa mediasi sengketa perceraian di Pengadilan Agama Palembang belum berjalan secara efektif. Artikel ini juga menemukan bahwa penyebab tidak efektifnya proses mediasi di Pengadilan Agama Palembang, yakni (1) kompleksnya latar belakang alasan para pihak yang bersengketa atau mengajukan perceraian, (2) tidak berimbangnya rasio jumlah hakim mediator dengan banyaknya jumlah perkara yang masuk ke pengadilan, (3) tidak adanya itikad baik dari para pihak untuk melakukan proses mediasi, (4) sarana dan fasilitas yang tidak memadai, dan (5) budaya hukum yang rendah dan minimnya pengetahuan dan kesadaran hukum di kalangan para pihak yang bersengketa. Temuan ini menguatkan hasil penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya tentang tidak efektifnya mediasi dalam sengketa perceraian di berbagai Pengadilan di Indoensia. Keywords: The effectiveness of mediation; divorce disputes; the Palembang Religious Court

The code of ethics is a moral rule for people with professions that serve as a code of conduct (guidelines) in applying science and knowledge to the community. The code of ethics is not a legal norm. Violation of ethical principles will has given the moral and ethics sanctions by professional organizations and is not punishable by law. One of those professions that are bounded to a code of conduct is the nursing profession. Nursing ethics is a measure of professional conduct based on moral values ​​which are believed; ​​those come from universal values and from the local or national characteristics of social and cultural values. But the tendency of change in view of the nursing service that originally is altruism towards services of a commercial nature led to opportunities for moral degradation becomes larger. It required political law that aims to protect the interests of society as a recipient of nursing services through deregulation values ​​and ethical principles into legal norms. The final goal of re-regulation on ethics to the law norms is to provide legal protection and legal certainty in order to create order and social justice  have been based on Pancasila. Keywords: ethical code, morality, legal norm, nurse.

Introduction: Weak protection of geographical indication law owned by users of geographically indicated goods or products cause unfulfilled the rights they deserve. The factors causing it are divided into 2, namely: 1. Weak position owned by users of geographically indicated goods or products. and 2. Weak regulation of law that provide legal protection to users of geographically indicated goods or products.Purposes of the Research: This research aims to analyze and explain factors that cause weak protection of geographical indication law for users of geographically indicated goods or products and also to find out the submission mechanism and procedure of geographical indication infringement lawsuit.Methods of the Research: This study used normative legal research. Research material used primary and secondary legal materials. Data was from library research. Discussion had been collected then processed and analyzed using qualitative approach then at the end of the research, conclusions were drawn using deductive method.Results of the Research: Factors caused weak protection of geographical indication law for geographically indicated users of goods and will provide input for appropriate legal regulations to increase protection of geographical indication law in the future. Furthermore, this also has a positive impact to users of geographically indicated goods and products that they could take legal action against business actors for losses they got in accordance with mechanism and procedure for filling geographical indication infringement lawsuit based on provisions of the applicable law.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the true legal answers and the prescriptive legal solutions for the Indonesian public accountant legal liability and how it is included in the audit report. Design/methodology/approach: This study applies the doctrinal method for examining the state asset management obtained from corporate criminal actions. Findings: Several provisions for public accountants in Indonesia, such as public accountant law and accounting standards, have become the legal standing of the corporate area disclosure on audit report, but it has never been applied. However, the scandals of corporate financial manipulation can drag the public accountants on legal issues for their liability in minimizing and preventing the fraud and for strengthening the corrective justice role of the audit report. Practical implications: There is a need for the empirical study to determine the effectiveness and the efficiency level for implementing the corporate disclosure on audit report. However, doctrinal research can be a comparison and can enrich empirical economic law for studying state asset management. Originality/value: The study initiates to renew the audit report framework in Indonesia such as the formulation of vicarious liability explicitly in economic law and to establish an independent board that oversees the quality of audit reports, and assesses the performance and accreditation of public accountants.