BACKGROUND Warts, which are also called as Verrucae are the commonest viral infections encountered in the dermatology practice. Warts are caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). We wanted to study the clinical and epidemiological aspects of warts and determine the distribution of warts in relation to age, sex, occupation and socioeconomic status. METHODS The present study was conducted in a sample of 200 clinically diagnosed cases of Warts attending the outpatient Department of DVL. A clinico-epidemiological study was undertaken in a sample of 200 clinically diagnosed cases of Warts selected randomly from patients attending the outpatient Department of DVL. RESULTS The maximum distribution was noted in the age group of 11-20 years of life (34%). In the present study, males were found to be predominantly affected with a male to female ratio of 2.03:1. In the present study, common warts were the most common type with 106 cases (53%) followed by plantar warts 23 (11.5%), flat warts 22 (11%), genital warts 20 (10%), periungual warts 11 (5.5%), palmar warts 9 (4.5%), filiform warts 5 (2.5%) and digitate warts 4 (2%). In the present study, most common sites involved were extremities which is observed in 128 cases (64%) followed by face in 32 cases (16%), anogenital area in 20 cases (10%), neck in 11 cases (5.5%). Least common site involved was scalp 2 cases (1%) followed by trunk in 6 cases (3%). Diffuse involvement of warts is seen in one patient. In the current study, 7 patients (3.5%) were found to be seropositive for HIV. CONCLUSIONS Warts are the commonest viral infections which are encountered in the Dermatology speciality. Warts were more common among children than adults. Mean age of presentation was 24.98 years. The Age group most commonly affected was 11-20 years with 68 cases (34%) followed by 21-30 years with 56 cases (28%). Males were (67%) more commonly affected than females (33%). Male to female ratio was 2.03:1. Extremities were the most common sites involved (64%) followed by face (16%), anogenital area (10%) and neck (5.5%). Scalp was the least common site involved (1%) followed by trunk (3%). Common warts were the commonest type with 106 cases (53%) followed by plantar warts 23 (11.5%), flat warts 22 (11%), genital warts 20 (10%), periungual warts 11 (5.5%), palmar warts 9 (4.5%), filiform warts 5 (2.5%), digitate warts (2%). Multiple site involvement was common among children.

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A thirteen-years-old female child presented to our Dermatology Department, had a large circumferentially pigmented area in front of neck, spread to chest, abdomen to thighs and up to knees as well as same spread to back of body bilaterally, interposed darkened lesions were present. Born by normal delivery to non-consanguineous parents presented with an asymptomatic hyperpigmented encompassing the entire trunk involving chest, back, buttocks and genitalia covering more than 40% of body area present since birth. It has been growing in size with age. The lesions were flat initially and gradually started becoming thicker. Scalp, mucosa, palms, soles and nails were normal. There were no signs of jaundice, haemolysis, meningomyelocele or abnormal hair growth. The rest of the physical examination including cardiovascular, pulmonary and abdominal system and genitourinary functioning was normal. Complete blood picture was within normal range. There was immediate concern of melanoma by Paediatric Dermatology and General Surgery physicians. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine and brain revealed no intracranial abnormalities, hydrocephalus or suggestion of meningeal inflammation. Giant congenital melanocytic nevi are rare and occur in about one out of every 2,00,000 to 5,00,000 births. There is a significant association between bathing trunk nevus and neurofibromatosis and lipomatosis. Apart from this association of bathing trunk nevus with abnormalities like spina bifida occulta, meningocoele, club foot and hypertrophy or atrophy of deeper structures of a limb have been described. Biopsy report showed skin with groups of nevoid cells extending into underlying fat, intimately associated with the lobules and surrounding many blood vessels. Pathologic examination revealed benign congenital intradermal nevus without evidence of malignancy. The systemic examination was normal. This is a typical case of giant congenital melanocytic nevus. As the surface area is greater than 50 cm in diameter, the risk of developing melanoma is higher. [1] Congenital melanocytic nevus is a benign neoplasm composed of naevomelanocytes, which occurs in about 1% to 2% of new-borns. Giant congenital melanocytic nevus is a variant of congenital melanocytic nevus, characterised by its extensive size and is defined as melanocytic nevus measuring

HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Balachandrudu J, Srinivasarao J. Progressive hemifacial atrophy (Parry-Romberg syndrome)-a case report and review of literature.

BACKGROUND Leprosy is one of the oldest and chronic infectious diseases known to human beings caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The disease still carries a grave social stigma and ostracism, which compels the patients to hide the disease. Leprosy continues to be an important public health problem in most parts of Asia, especially India. 1 Leprosy is a progressive, chronic granulomatous disease of the peripheral nerves and skin and other tissues such as mucous membranes, muscles and reticuloendothelial system. The disease presents in various clinico-pathological forms depending on the immune status of the host. The disease spectrum has been characterised in a number of classification systems, most widely being the Ridley-Jopling. Aim-Fifty cases were taken to correlate clinical diagnosis with histopathological findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS All clinically suspected Leprosy patients attending Department of DVL were included in this study. History was taken in detail and complete examination of patients carried out, particularly with reference to skin, nerves and sensory disturbances. Slit skin smear was taken from the patients with specific findings. The biopsies were taken from the most active and untampered lesions including the margin of the lesion and sent to the Pathology Department in 10% neutral buffered formalin. The histopathological diagnosis was made based on the scheme put forth by Ridley and Jopling. RESULTS The present study comprised of 50 patients, 33 were male (66%) and 17 female (34%) with a male: female ratio of 1.9: 1. Table 1 shows the distribution of patients according to age group and gender. Majority of the patients (11 patients: 7 males and 4 females) were between 31-40 years of age, whereas least affected were below 10 years (2 female patients). The mean age of the patients studied was 41.3441.34 ± 17.104. The range of youngest patient is 7 years old female and the oldest patient is 75 years old male. With regard to patient's occupation, the largest group included are 20 farmers (40%) followed by 12 daily labourers (24%), students and housewife are equal percentage (12%), whereas only 2.0% of the patients are employees. The distribution of these cases based on Ridley and Jopling clinical and histopathological classification is shown in Table 4. It is clearly evident from Table 4 that clinically majority of the patients (40%) belonged to Lepromatous Leprosy (LL) group followed by borderline tuberculoid (BT) group (24%), tuberculoid leprosy (TT) group (14%) and mid-borderline (BB) group and indeterminate leprosy (IL) group with 6% to 4% each. Histopathologically, majority of the cases 32% belonged to Lepromatous Leprosy (LL) followed by BT (18%), BL (16%), TT and IL (12% each). Among cases with negative slit skin smear were 40 patients. 10 patient's slit skin smears were positive in 20% of patients. Out of 20 patients, 2+ for 2 patients, 3+ for 7 patients and BI was maximum 4+ for 1 patient. The correlation between clinical and histopathological classification is shown in Table No. The overal...