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We have developed nitrogen-doped TiO 2 nanotubes showing photocatalytic activity in the visible light region and have investigated the triggered release of antibiotics from these nanotubes in response to remote visible light irradiation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations indicated that the structure of TiO 2 nanotubes was not destroyed on the conditions of 0.05 and 0.1 M diethanolamine treatment. e results of �-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (�PS) con�rmed that nitrogen, in the forms of nitrite (NO 2 − ) and nitrogen monoxide (NO), had been incorporated into the TiO 2 nanotube surface. A drug-release test revealed that the antibiotic-loaded TiO 2 nanotubes showed sustained and prolonged drug elution with the help of polylactic acid. Visible light irradiation tests showed that the antibiotic release from nitrogen-doped TiO 2 nanotubes was signi�cantly higher than that from pure TiO 2 nanotubes ( ).

We explore the topology of real Lagrangian submanifolds in a toric symplectic manifold which come from involutive symmetries on its moment polytope. We establish a real analog of the Delzant construction for those real Lagrangians, which says that their diffeomorphism type is determined by combinatorial data. As an application, we realize all possible diffeomorphism types of connected real Lagrangians in toric symplectic del Pezzo surfaces.

Background Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss. It is likely inherited genetically and is promoted by dihydrotestosterone. 5α-reductase has been proven a good target through finasteride use. However, the pathogenesis of AGA cannot be fully explained based only on dihydrotestosterone levels. Objective To identify similar hairloss inhibition activity of RE-ORGA with mode of action other than finasteride. Methods We prepared RE-ORGA from Korean herb mixtures. We performed MTT assays for cytotoxicity, Cell Counting Kit-8 assays for cell proliferation, and western blot to identify expression levels of 5α-reductase and Bax. RNA-sequencing was performed for the expression patterns of genes in dihydrotestosterone-activated pathways. Anti-inflammatory activity was also assessed by the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6. Results REORGA could promote the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells and showed low cytotoxicity. It also inhibited the expression of 5α-reductases and Bax in the cells. RNA-sequencing results verified that the mRNA expressions of SRD5A1 , Bax, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), and TGF-β1 induced transcript 1 (TGFβ1I1) were decreased, whereas expression of protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta (PTK2β) was more elevated. REORGA also showed anti-inflammatory activity through decreased mRNA levels of TNF-α. Conclusion Transcriptionally, up-regulation of PTK2β and concomitant down-regulation of TGFβ1I1 imply that RE-ORGA can modulate androgen receptor sensitivity, decreasing the expression of 5α-reductase type II and Bax together with TGF-β1 transcripts; RE-ORGA also showed partial anti-inflammatory activity. Overall, RE-ORGA is expected to alleviate hair loss by regulating 5α-reductase activity and the receptor's androgen sensitivity.