The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a group contingency strategy on student behaviors in elementary physical education classes. The study was conducted in an elementary school within metropolitan Korea. Eighty 6th-grade students (2 classes) and one teacher participated in this study. To investigate the effects of group contingency (intervention), two classes were separately designated as the experimental group (n=40) and control group (n=40). A multiple-baseline design across student target behaviors was used to determine the effects of exposure to behavioral intervention on student behaviors. Comparison was also made with the absence of the intervention. Data collected through each class observation and videotaping of 17 lessons of ball game and gymnastics showed that a group contingency strategy was effective in increasing the percentage of on-task behavior (motor activity) and reducing student waiting time and off-task in the experimental group. Compared to the experimental group, the control group showed no significant behavioral changes. Results also showed that the strategy was effective in decreasing inappropriate behavior and increasing appropriate behavior, which consequently builds on new forms of behavior by applying these contingencies consistently with effective consequences.

Coronavirus disease 2019 popularized online classes to prevent educational deficits affected by the pandemic. This study aimed to assess the differences in the importance and performance of health awareness in Korean middle school students according to the types of online physical education classes they attended during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Overall, 583 participants were selected using a convenience sampling method; the data were obtained through an online survey using Google forms. Frequency analysis, reliability analysis, independent sample t-test, and importance–performance analysis were performed. First, the differences between importance and performance were found to be the most for sleep and physical activity management, and the least for disease and hygiene management. In addition, both groups demonstrated higher importance and performance for hygiene and disease management. There were significant differences in the importance and performance of all the sub-factors. Second, hygiene, disease management, and mental health management were found in quadrant I in both groups, while physical activity, sleep, and dietary habit management were in quadrant III. No factors were in quadrants II and IV. Correspondingly, there was no significant difference in adolescents’ health awareness between the assignment-based online group and interactive online group.

This study aimed to assess the differences in the importance and performance of health awareness in Korean middle school students according to the types of online physical education classes they attended during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic. Overall, 583 participants were selected using a convenience sampling method; the data were obtained through an online survey using Google forms. Frequency analysis, reliability analysis, independent sample t-test, and importance-performance analysis were performed. First, the differences between importance and performance were found to be the most for sleep and physical activity management, and the least for disease and hygiene management. In addition, both the groups demonstrated higher importance and performance for hygiene and disease management. There were significant differences in the importance and performance of all the sub-factors. Second, hygiene, disease management, and mental health management were found in quadrant I in both the groups, while physical activity, sleep, and dietary habit management were in quadrant III. No factors were in quadrant II and IV.

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