The present paper aims to suggest a web-based LNG (Liquefied natural gas) plant management system that is applicable from the design stage through the operational lifetime of the plant. The usefulness of this program is maximized by combining a virtual plant and RAMS (Reliability, availability, maintainability and safety). To achieve this goal, principles related to a virtual plant and RAMS are reviewed and several modules were designed. In particular, the RBI (Risk based inspection) module based on the API (American Petroleum Institute) code was developed for implementing RAMS. To review the design and deliver geometrical information regarding the system and processes, several commercial softwares are chosen to develop the navigator module and virtual module of LPMS-RAMS (LNG Plant Management System based on RAMS). Also, several modules related to maintenance and safety, are developed. It means that the LPMS-RAMS has many applicable modules based on the concept of virtual plant and RAMS. Especially, The VR (Virtual reality) module in this system will be useful during the design stage for diverse types of LNG plants. Also, the RAMS module is expected to improve the efficiency and safety of the LNG plant during its operation.

Background: Multiple graft bile ducts (BDs) are related to higher incidence of biliary complications (BCs), and biliary reconstruction for multiple BDs still remain a technical challenge during living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Especially, biliary reconstruction using high biliary radicals of recipients for multiple BDs has very high probability of BCs secondary to devascularization and ischemia. Methods: Herein, we analyzed clinical outcomes through retrospective reviews 281 patients receiving duct to duct anastomosis (DDA) for right lobe grafts LDLT from January 2013 to September 2019. A total of 104 LDLT using grafts with multiple BDs have been performed under our strategy. In cases with two close ducts or the two orifices were located in the same hilar plate, we have recently performed dunking with mucosal eversion technique instead of ductoplasty. In the cases of two orifices far located, we tried to perform two separate DDAs using high biliary radicals of the recipient with minimal hilar dissection, external biliary stents and mucosal eversion technique to reduce BCs. Results: Among multiple BDs group, 20 underwent unification ductoplasty, 45 were treated using dunking with mucosal eversion technique, and 39 patients underwent two DDAs separately using high biliary radicals (HBR group). The incidence of biliary leakage and stricture were 11.5% and 10.6%, respectively, in multiple BDs group and these outcomes were not different to those in one BD group. Neither overall patient survival nor graft survival differed significantly between the two groups. In subgroup analysis, we compared clinical outcomes between HBR group and one BD group and the incidence of biliary complications in HBR group was 10.3%, which was comparable to that in one BD group. Conclusions: LDLT using multiple graft BDs could be a safely without negative impacts on posttransplant outcomes. Furthermore, biliary reconstruction using high biliary radicals could be a safe option for multiple graft BDs during LDLT.

In recent years, the three-dimensional virtual plant is introduced in the development of plant management system for visually enhanced plant management. A VR (Virtual Reality) based integrity assessment system has been proposed for the nuclear power plant. Consequently, a web-based monitoring system has been developed on the basis of virtual plant by combining graphic visibility with safety margin calculations. However, previous researches were mostly focused on the safety maintenance of nuclear power plants, and did not consider the design stage. This paper proposes a system for the LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) plant management covering from design stage via construction to the maintenance stage. The management system proposed in this paper includes a virtual plant to enable design review in the design stage, the EDB (Engineering DataBase) which manages the engineering data produced in the design stage and a web based aging monitoring system which can be used in the maintenance stage. The proposed system runs on the Internet on the basis of 3-D graphics system and it is expected to be used for more efficient and reliable LNG plant management.

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