The commonest tumor reported in kidney fusion anomalies is renal cell carcinoma, although its reported incidence is no higher than that in the normal population. In the case of transitional cell carcinomas, diagnosis is usually made at an advanced stage. The value of thorough urologic and radiological investigations is stressed. Angiography, whether classical or in combination with multi-slice CT, is considered essential in order to confirm renal anomalies and the tumor situation and to plan the surgical approach. In our experience, radical nephrectomy with isthmus division via a transperitoneal approach is the treatment of choice.

Two cases of rare adrenal cavernous hemangiomas are reported, one imaged with conventional X-ray techniques, US, CT, and MRI, and the other with US and CT. The CT technique clearly demonstrated calcifications and the internal structure of the lesions in both cases and peripheral rim enhancement on the postcontrast scan in one patient. Although MRI demonstrated accurately the complex nature of the lesion, the inability to visualize the calcified areas do not allow to make a specific histologic diagnosis.

Histological inflammation has a high prevalence in cancer-free prostate biopsy specimens and exerts similar effects on fPSA and f/tPSA levels as PC. Our study suggests histological prostatitis to be an important cause of decreased fPSA and f/tPSA values; therefore, when it is identified, antibiotic or anti-inflammatory therapy should be introduced to reduce the percentage of men with a continuing indication for prostate biopsy.

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