No abstract

Adenocarcinoma invasive deeper than the muscularis mucosa is associated with a significant increase in the prevalence of lymph node metastases,and there is no "safe" level of invasion into the submucosa. Lymphovascular invasion, tumor size ≥2 cm, and poor differentiation are associated with an increased risk of submucosal invasion and lymph node metastases and should be factored into the decision for endoscopic therapy or esophagectomy

No abstract

Pancreatic leak remains a common complication after distal pancreatectomy. Our series suggests that stapler closure of the pancreatic remnant is associated with a significantly higher fistula rate.