La lectura y la escritura son competencias esenciales para la vida, por lo que su aprendizaje representa uno de los objetivos primordiales de la educación. La inclusión de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) ha transformado cómo y a través de qué se lee y escribe. El contexto actual exige la configuración de prácticas educativas orientadas a la enseñanza de la lectura y la escritura con herramientas tecnológicas y servicios digitales. Con base en un procedimiento de revisión documental, se analizó, en 22 artículos científicos, el efecto de la integración de las TIC en el desarrollo de habilidades de lectura y escritura en estudiantes de educación media superior. Se conjetura que el fomento de estas habilidades es posible mediante la incorporación tecnológica en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
Se describe una experiencia de implementación de una propuesta comunicativa en la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, basada en un enfoque de Investigación-Acción-Participativa; la estrategia de intervención comprende la construcción de productos de difusión audiovisual que muestren las evidencias de la práctica del Servicio Social de los estudiantes con un formato innovador del informe final; alternativa que promueve la competencia comunicativa. Formar a los jóvenes universitarios desde esta perspectiva, orienta a la oferta, desde dicha práctica, de programas y proyectos donde desarrollen competencias múltiples encaminadas a realizar una reflexión de la experiencia, que los sensibilice acerca de las necesidades de su entorno social.
In the daily and hectic development of our activities we rarely reserve time to think, rethink, and reflect on the results obtained from our actions, and make crucial decisions about how we can modify the way to change our own actions and with that, transform the context where our professional activity is exercised. A methodological model called the systematization of educational experiences is precisely what gives us this space for collaborative dialogue, and self-reflection and with others. The systematization of experiences is described as a research process where the experiences of the actors are recovered through reflection, dialogue and the reconstruction of events with the purpose of collecting awareness and improving their practices. Present work shows an experience with university professors in a strengths-based training course of critical use of the media. Some of the elements that were used for the construction of the learning and recovery experience were: the logbook, the story, the elaboration of didactic materials, videos and photographs. Collaborative work in triad groups and focus group sessions were some of the techniques used for obtaining and documenting relevant data and information. Following an axis of the systematization of the experience, some of the findings were that the professors recognized the need to be open to change, empathy and collaborative work, to promote the development of critical thinking and the application of knowledge. Participating professors also distinguished innovation and strategy design, such as the development of didactic sequences according to the Model for the Development of Academic Competences (M-DECA), for use in planning of their subjects according to the competence approach and the application of the dimensions of media competition.
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