Melanoma was one of the translational cancer examples in clinic, including target therapy related to specific biomarkers impacting in the outcome of melanoma patients. Melanomagenesis involved a wide variety of mutations during his evolution; many of these mutated proteins have a kinase activity. One of the most cited proteins in melanoma is BRAF (about 50-60 % of melanomas harbors activating BRAF mutations), for these the most common is a substitution of valine to glutamic acid at codon 600 (p.V600E). Therefore, the precise identification of this underlying somatic mutation is essential; knowing the translational implications has opened a wide view of melanoma biology and therapy.

Every year, cancer affects more than one million Latin Americans. The increasing incidence of cancer could be secondary to an aging population, westernization of life style, and urbanization. LA has among the highest incidence rates of gastric cancer, compared to other countries. In this review, different studies on gastric cancer and its relation with risks factors, such as infections, diet and life styles typical of LA, besides the different molecular alterations of that specific population (mainly at a genetic polymorphism level) are analyzed. An exhaustive research was made in PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase of the most relevant studies conducted in the last 27 years (1990-2017) in LA.

The aim of this study was to determine the benefits of supplementation with eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in terms of chemotoxicity and inflammatory status, to Mexican women with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC), receiving a standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NeoCT AC-taxol regimen). We performed a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial, in which we studied 44 LABC patients (stages IIA to IIIA) who took 2.4g/d (1.6 g EPA and 0.8 g DHA, ratio 2:1) (N=22) or placebo (N=22) during NeoCT with doxorubicin/ cyclophosphamide followed paclitaxel weekly. Edmonton Scale and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4. assessment were performed before each CT, and also blood total leukocytes, and percentage lymphocytes and monocytes by standard lab methods. Serum inflammatory proteins and adipokines, were quantified by multiplexed analysis using a luminometer (MAGPIX) at basal time (0) and after cessation (+6 months) of AC and paclitaxel regimen. RESULTS: There were no differences in age between the supplemented and the placebo groups (51.6y vs. 49.1y, p=0.4), neither in body mass index (BMI, 28.7 kg/m2 and 28.9 kg/m2, p=0.8). After 6 months of supplementation, patients who were supplemented with PUFAs had significant changes (time 0 vs 6, respectively) in total leukocytes (from 6.3 to 5.1 x103/mL, p =0.002) lymphocytes (from 33.5 to 25.2%, p =0.002), leptin (from 60.2 to 36.1 pg/mL, p=0.04) and adiponectin (from 36.8 to 43.3 mg/mL, p=0.05 ). On the other hand, placebo group had significant changes in the number of leukocytes (from 6.8 to 10.0 x103/mL, p =0.04), monocytes (from 6.7 to 10.1%, p=0.03) and an increase in leptin (from 22.7 to 46.3 pg/mL, p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation with 2.4g/d of EPA and DHA (ratio 2:1) during 6 months in Mexican LABC patients receiving NeoCT resulted in a less inflammatory status when compared to patients who received none. Our results clearly suggest that this type of supplementation may be beneficial to these type of patients. Currently, we are analyzing if treatment with omega-3 PUFAs are associated with lower incidence of side effects due to chemotherapy. Citation Format: DelaRosa-Oliva F, Ruiz-Garcia E, Gomez E, Arce-Salinas C, Lara-Medina F, Alvarado-Miranda A, Matus-Santos J, Flores-Díaz D, Deneken-Hernandez Z, Bargalló- Rocha J, Cabrera P, Guadarrama-Orozco J, Ruiz-Calzada H, Meneses-García A, Astudillo-de la Vega H. Effect of supplementation with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid on the chemotoxicity in Mexican patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NeoCT) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-11-10.