Superficial and cutaneous mycoses are common in tropical countries, caused by dermatophytes, yeast, and non-dermatophyte molds in different clinical specimens. In order to define the epidemiology of mycoses and the profile of their etiological agents in Alagoas (northeastern Brazil) between 2009 and 2016, we obtained data of patients from the main laboratories of Alagoas, by examining clinical samples with direct microscopy and culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar and Chromagar ® Candida. A total of 3316 patients were confirmed with mycoses (595 men/2716 women) and 40.25 of average age. Positive samples totaled 3776, mainly vaginal secretion (1593/42.2%), toenails (876/23.2%), and fingernails (589/15.6%). Yeasts were the most isolated (3129/82.9%), including 3012 Candida spp. (79.8%), 57 Malassezia spp. (1.5%), 42 Trichosporon sp. (1.1%), 10 Geotrichum spp. (0.3%), and 8 Rhodotorula spp. (0.2%). Candida albicans was the most frequent species (715/18.9%), followed by C. krusei (194/5.1%), C. tropicalis (24/0.6%), and 2079 unspecified species (55.1%). Among 17.1% filamentous fungi, 14.8% dermatophytes were distributed as 211 Trichophyton sp. (5.6%), 125 T. rubrum (3.3%), 106 T. tonsurans (2.8%), 72 T. mentagrophytes (1.9%), 2 Microsporum sp. (0.1%), 15 M. canis (0.4%), and 26 Epidermophyton sp. (0.7%). Other fungi represented the minority: Fusarium sp. and Aspergillus sp. These are the first clinical data on the Alagoas population affected by fungi pathogens, confirming a higher incidence of candidiasis (mainly vulvovaginal and onychomycosis) and dermatophytes, providing a better understanding of different mycoses in northeastern Brazil.

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INTRODUCTION: Carbapenemase-resistant enterobacteria that produce the bla NDM gene are found worldwide. However, this is the first report of bla NDM in Klebsiella aerogenes in Brazil. METHODS: The identification of bacterial species was performed using anautomated system and confirmed by biochemical tests, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and detection of resistance genes. RESULTS: The clinical isolate showed minimum inhibitory concentration resistance to meropenem and polymyxin B at 8mg/L and 4mg/L, respectively. Only the bla NDM gene was detected. CONCLUSIONS: The current report of the bla NDM gene in isolated MDR enterobacteria indicates that this gene can spread silently in a hospital setting.

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Introduction: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S.maltophilia) has emerged as an important opportunistic, nosocomial pathogen capable of causing respiratory, bloodstream and urinary infections in a debilitated host. Prevention of acquisition and infection depends upon the application of modern infection-control practices. Methods: We conducted a retrospective and observational laboratory-based study on S. maltophilia to evaluate the distribution of these pathogen isolates between February 2008 and December 2012 in a 38-bed intensive care unit in northeastern Brazil. The study began by surveying all positive S. maltophilia cultures processed by the microbiology laboratory during the period of study. The cultures, originating from various types of biological material were processed by Vitek® System. The cultures were processed in protocol in accordance with CLSI-M100-S25. The incidence rate was calculated per 1,000 admissions. Results: A total of 100 sample isolates were tested positive for S. maltophilia. The isolates were obtained from 50.301 hospitalized patients (0.19%). A total of 8.572 positive cultures were detected in different biological materials. Ninety four (94%) isolates were from patients in adult intensive care. Seventy (70%) S. maltophilia isolates were from tracheal cultures. All S. maltophilia isolates were sensitive to Co-trimoxazole and levofloxacin. Conclusions: This study shows the importance of other analytical epidemiologic studies that correlate the presence of S. maltophilia incidence associated with the risk factor, and the outcomes, in our region.