The human uterus is a hollow, thick-walled and contractile organ with the purpose of receiving the product of fertilization along with its nesting, growth and subsequent birth. Part of its function is made possible due to its muscular layer, traditionally described as consisting of three layers or strata: an outer layer of predominantly horizontal and then longitudinal fibers; a middle layer comprised of circular fibers arranged in multiple directions containing a layer of blood vessels; and an inner layer of similar structure to the outer layer. This study aims to describe the mesoscopic way in which the muscle fibers of human uterine myometrium are arranged. 10 samples of bisected human uteri were investigated. The results following dissection first showed the perimetrium under a lower layer of longitudinal fiber followed by horizontal fibers that, as they approach the margin, become skewed in the direction of the oviducts. Also, a small amount of fibers that change from horizontal to longitudinal near the median plane were found to pass through the middle region of the body of the uterus. Beyond the deep plane, we found fibers arranged in multiple directions, resembling eddies that are directed at an angle from the outside inwards and mark the location of small blood vessels. In the deepest part, we found a thin layer containing few horizontal fibers.
Significant differences were found: TV decreased from control values to FC and from FC to FIP, but increased from FC to FEP. RR values increased from control to FC and from FC to FIP, but decreased from FC to FEP. MV values decreased from FC to FEP. TV, RR, and MV were not changed under oxygen administration. Hypoxemia or hypercapnia were not observed. It was concluded that FIP is deleterious for respiratory mechanics, whereas FEP improves ventilatory parameters.
RESUMEN: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de las características anatómicas y biométricas del músculo papilar septal en 30 corazones de individuos adultos chilenos, en edades comprendidas entre 18 y 84 años de edad, de ambos sexos, sin aparente patología cardíaca, pertenecientes a la
RESUMEN: El término puente de miocardio es atribuido al conjunto de fibras musculares cardiacas, que a veces se sobreponen a un segmento subepicárdico de una determinada rama de las arterias coronarias derecha e izquierda. Polacek (1959) fue el primero en enfocar esta entidad desde el punto de vista muscular, de aquí nace el nombre de "puente de miocardio" siendo actualmente la más usada en clínica. La presencia de estos puentes, ha sido identificada tanto en humanos como en animales y basados en ello, se estudiaron 50 corazones de avestruz, de la clase African Black, cuyo objetivo fue determinar presencia de puentes de miocardio, número, longitud y principales arterias en donde se ubican. Hubo presencia de puentes de miocardio en 20 (40,0%) de los 50 corazones estudiados; el número total de puentes de miocardio fue de 34, de los cuales 30 (88,2%) se ubicaron sobre la arteria coronaria izquierda y sus ramas y 4 (11,8%) sobre la arteria coronaria derecha y sus ramas. El número de puentes varió de 1 a 4 por corazón. Los vasos donde se observaron con mayor frecuencia fueron: ramas ventriculares de la rama interventricular paraconal con 22 (64,7%) puentes y rama interventricular paraconal con 8 (23,5%) puentes. Los registros métricos de la extensión de los puentes de miocardio variaron entre 1,6 mm y 73,1 mm.
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