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Introduction: Moderate exercise training during the pregnancy benefits both the pregnant woman and the fetus. The research papers consulted have linked physical activity with the reduction of the number of cesareans, instrumental delivery and with a more physiological delivery. It also prevents excessive weight gain in women and decreases the risk of gestational diabetes and high blood pressure. Aims: The aim of this research is to know if an exercise program of moderate character with Water Study Exercise Pregnant (SWEP) method, performed in an aquatic environment, contributes to have more favorable results in the perinatal period, both for women and baby. Material and methods: The design is a randomized clinical trial. The sample will consist of 364 pregnant women, with a total universe of 6,579 births occurred in Granada (Spain) during 2014. The sample was divided into two groups, intervention group and control group. The activity will be carried out in the water sporting facilities of the Faculty of Sports Science of the University of Granada, which have two pools suitable for our purposes: a 25-meter polyvalent pool and a 12.5-meter pool for training. Results: The exercise program designed specifically for the project called SWEP is performed from 20 to 37 weeks of gestation (SG), and it consists of three weekly sessions, with duration of 60 minutes each. Sessions will include three phases: warm-up phase, the main phase in which the exercise is divided into an aerobic phase and strength training and endurance training phase and a final phase of stretching and relaxation. The variables that will be studied are: a) Maternal: weight, BMI, blood pressure, O'Sullivan test, postpartum depression, level of self-rated health, sleep quality and perceived exertion during physical activity; b) fetal: weight, Apgar scores, head circumference and GA (Gestational age); c) peripartum: time dilation, expulsion and delivery, type of delivery, episiotomy, type of feed received by the RN and time of exclusive breastfeeding; and d) descriptive: age, occupation, education level, type of exercise done before and OF (obstetric formula). Conclusion: With aquatic moderate physical activity during pregnancy (method SWEP), we intended to improve the variables above.Influencia del programa SWEP (Study Water Exercise Pregnant) en los resultados perinatales: protocolo de estudio

The range of sizes used in Chile for clothing comes from criteria developed in continental Europe, mainly the EN 13402 standard. Any standard adopted by a country should consider the anthropometric dimensions of the user population, particularly to discern the ratio of garments for different size. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to propose standards for the size of clothing based on anthropometric characteristics of a sample of Chilean miners. The study was conducted in 447 male workers. The age and body weight were measured in each workers as well as their percentage of body fat. Anthropometric measurements for garments were made according to the criteria of the European Community (EN 13402-1) and ISO (8559-1989). Body dimensions for the design of gloves, shoes, helmets and caps, clothes that cover the upper part of the body and clothes that cover the lower part were measured. The results obtained made it possible to establish the percentage of workers falling within the range of sizes that manufacturers consider as reference. One of the main conclusions of the study is the need to carefully consider a set of complementary anthropometric measures, which can help to improve the comfort of costumes, to the extent that the providers adapt their designs to the characteristics of Chilean workers.

For many years there has been concern about the social and working conditions of forestry workers in tropical countries, because their tasks are considered to be heavy work. There are two major aspects of forestry work in relation to which ergonomics can make important contributions. One of them concerns problems of adaptation to heavy manual labour. In these tasks, men using simple tools provide the most important part of the energy required to carry out given tasks. This can be quite critical, particularly when other factors are added, such as environmental heat. An alternative is represented by mechanized work, where human energy is replaced by machines. The workers become progressively more sedentary, limiting their activities to perceive and interpret information and to execute their decisions with actions that demand little muscular effort, but that require high participation by their mental processes. This corresponds to the direct relationship between the worker and the job. However, forestry work is performed in physical places where human beings can suffer the effects of heat, cold, noise, mechanical vibrations, and other factors. Furthermore, the psychosocial environment cannot be ignored. Problems may arise when workers have to stay in camps, not by choice but by necessity of the service they provide. In these cases, the camps become temporary homes, where workers have to stay for varying periods of time and where they have few options to choose their food, recreation and times for sleep. Facilities that promote hygiene, privacy and tranquillity are minimum basic conditions for a worker to recover and to start their next period of work in good physical and mental condition. In short, ergonomics provides an integrative approach to the analysis and solution of the problems that affect workers in their workplaces. Ergonomics has a constructive character that is essential for the incorporation of technologies for sustainable work. All these topics are analysed in this chapter.

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