Although accurate long-distance neuronal migration is a cardinal feature of cerebral cortical development, little is known about control of this migration. The scrambler (scm) mouse shows abnormal cortical lamination that is indistinguishable from reeler. Genetic and physical mapping of scm identified yeast artificial chromosomes containing an exon of mdab1, a homolog of Drosophila disabled, which encodes a phosphoprotein that binds nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. mdab1 transcripts showed abnormal splicing in scm homozygotes, with 1.5 kb of intracisternal A particle retrotransposon sequence inserted into the mdab1 coding region in antisense orientation, producing a mutated and truncated predicted protein. Therefore, mdab1 is most likely the scm gene, thus implicating nonreceptor tyrosine kinases in neuronal migration and lamination in developing cerebral cortex.
Hürthle cells may be found in fine-needle aspirates of the thyroid (FNATs) from Hürthle cell tumors (HCTs) and nonneoplastic Hürthle cell lesions, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis and goiter. To differentiate the characteristic cytomorphologic features from these lesions, the authors studied 38 surgically excised Hürthle cell lesions of the thyroid. Preoperative FNATs were reviewed for a number of architectural and cytologic features. The chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used for statistical analysis. There were many statistically significant cytologic differences between HCTs and nonneoplastic Hürthle cell lesions. Statistically significant features indicating an HCT versus nonneoplastic Hürthle cell lesion included the following: a high percentage (> 90%) of Hürthle cells, single Hürthle cells (> 10%), cellular dyshesion, large nucleoli, significant nuclear pleomorphism, significant nuclear enlargement, absence of macrophages, absence of plasma cells, and absence of or few lymphocytes. The architecture of cell groups, cellularity, amount of colloid, and multinucleation appeared to be of no value. The presence of a high percentage of dyshesive Hürthle cells with large nucleoli, with some cells showing significant nuclear enlargement and pleomorphism, associated with a lack of lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory cells, appears statistically predictive of an HCT and should enable the differentiation of an HCT from a nonneoplastic Hürthle cell lesion.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.