The aim of the study was to analyze the relation between sports and bone mass. Seven hundred and four men with no history of chronic disease were questioned on their adolescent and adult sporting activities. Their total body (TB) and regional (head, spine, arms and legs) bone mineral density (BMD) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. BMD measurements and ratios of regional BMD to TB BMD were compared using a multiple regression analysis. Probands (mean age 30 years) were engaged in 14 sports activities: rugby, soccer, other team sports, endurance running, fighting sports, bodybuilding, multiple weightbearing activities, swimming, swimming with flippers, biking, rowing, climbing, triathlon and multiple mixed activities. They stated that they were practising a physical activity at the amateur level: 7.1 h/week between the ages of 11 and 18 years and 9 h/week between age 18 years and the day of the interview (no significant difference between physical activities). Rowers and swimmers had low TB BMD (1.22 and 1.17 g/cm2) and low leg BMD (1.37 and 1.31 g/cm2). Participants in rugby, soccer, other team sports and fighting sports had a high TB BMD (1.27-1.35 g/cm2) and high leg BMD (1.41-1.5 g/cm2). For head BMD, there was no stastistical difference among the different groups. Constructed ratios pointed out the site-specific adaptation of the skeleton: soccer player and runners had a higher leg ratio; bodybuilders, fighters, climbers and swimmers had a higher arm ratio; rugby players had a higher spine ratio. Head ratio was higher in non-weightbearing sports (rowing, swimming) than in weightbearing sports (rugby, team sports, soccer, fighting sports and bodybuilding). Thus the BMD and ratio differences among the 14 disciplines seem to be site-specific and related to the supposedly high and unusual strains created at certain sites during sport training by muscle stress and gravitational forces. Head ratio is closely related to the type of practice; its value could predict whether sport participants have developed the maximal peak bone mass they could achieve.

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Background:Since the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a considerable amount of fear, worry and concern in the general population and among certain groups such as the elderly, healthcare providers and people with pre-existing conditions in particular. Our patients suffering from chronic inflammatory rheumatism (CIR), a group of autoimmune pathologies treated by immunosuppressant medication, are particularly concerned. Actions taken – particularly quarantine and its effects on the normal activities, habits or livelihoods of many people – also have a significant impact. There is little information on the impact of the lockdown in patients with CIR with data measured prospectively, in a standardized way, before and during the first lockdown period.Objectives:The objective of this ancillary study was to evaluate the psychological impact of the first lockdown period (anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, catastrophizing...) as well as the evolution of disease activity in patients suffering from CIR.Methods:At two French university hospitals, adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) according to the ACR-EULAR 2010 criteria, spondyloarthritis (SpA) fulfilling the ASAS 2009 criteria and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) according to the Caspar 2006 criteria were consecutively included in the Catastrophism in Chronic Inflammatory Rheumatism (CRIC) study from September 2019. Sociodemographic data, information on the disease and its treatments were collected as well as questionnaires on disease activity (DAS28, CDAI, BASDAI), function (HAQ), quality of life (SF12, EQ5D), anxiety and depression (HADS, GAD7), insomnia (ISI) and catastrophizing scores (PCS). These data were collected prospectively at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months.In this ancillary study, data from patients with an assessment before and during lockdown were analyzed. Statistical analyses were descriptive with a paired Student’s T-test.Results:In all, 140 patients (49 RA, 69 SpA and 22 PsA) were evaluated before and during lockdown. The median age was 53.5 [44-63] years and 60.7% were women; 74 patients (53.2%) were professionally active and 102 (72.9%) were living as couples. The majority of patients (92.9 %) had a disease lasting more than 2 years. Concerning treatments, 63 (45%) were treated by bDMARD monotherapy, 40 (28.5%) by bDMARD+ csDMARD, 17 (12.1%) by csDMARD monotherapy and 2 patients by tsDMARD; 90.7% were not taking any corticosteroids and 8.6% were taking ≤5 mg/d; 30% were on NSAIDs.When comparing before and during lockdown, pain, tender joint count, swollen joint count, disease activity (CDAI, BASDAI) and function (HAQ, SF12 physical component) were similar. However, there was a significant improvement in psychological status, anxiety (HADS, GAD7), the mental component of SF12, catastrophizing and overall quality of life (EQ5D) (see Table 1 below).Conclusion:There are very few prospective, standardized data on the impact of lockdown in patients with CIR with an assessment before and during the first lockdown period. In patients with CIR, the first lockdown period had no impact on the activity of the disease and was well experienced psychologically with less anxiety and an improvement in quality of life.Table 1.Outcome (N)140 CIR: 49 RA, 69 SpA, 22 PsABefore lockdownMean (SD)During lockdownMean (SD)Mean change(SD)PPain VAS (138)39.4 (25.3)39.4 (25.0)-0.28 (27.1)NSTJC (57)4.0 (6.8)4.7 (4.4)0.7 (5.9)NSSJC (56)1.0 (2.6)1.6 (1.7)0.5 (2.4)NSCDAI (36)11.7 (1.4)12.3 (7.5)1.2 (8.7)NSBASDAI (84)4.7 (1.9)4.9 (2.0)0.14 (1.4)NSHAQ (135)0.72 (0.57)0.72 (0.53)0.03 (0.33)NSSF12 mental(136)32.7 (8.7)36.2 (8.4)3.46 (8.01)<0.0001GAD-7 (anxiety) (135)7.7 (5.5)5.0 (5.3)-1.73 (0.40)<0.0001HADS anxiety(137)8.5 (3.9)7.8 (3.9)-0.64 (2.91)0.0113EQ5D(139)0.55 (0.31)0.61 (0.29)0.06 (0.24)0.0078PCS (catastrophizing) (137)18.9 (13.3)15.9 (11.1)-3.10 (9.60)0.0003Disclosure of Interests:None declared