Most of the integrated assessment modelling (IAM) literature focuses on cost-effective pathways towards given temperature goals. Conversely, using seven diverse IAMs we project global energy CO 2 emissions trajectories based on near-term mitigation efforts, and two assumptions on how these efforts continue post-2030. Despite finding a wide range of emissions by 2050, nearly all the scenarios have median warming of less than 3°C in 2100. However, the most optimistic scenario is still insufficient to limit global warming to 2°C. We furthermore highlight key modelling choices inherent to projecting where emissions are headed. First, emissions are more sensitive to the choice of IAM than to the assumed mitigation effort, highlighting the importance of heterogenous model intercomparisons. Differences across models reflect diversity in baseline assumptions and impacts of near-term mitigation efforts. Second, common practice of using economy-wide carbon prices to represent policy exaggerates carbon capture and storage (CCS) use compared to explicitly modelling policies.
Ed Summ 2Mitigation pathways tend to focus on an end temperature target and calculate how to keep within these bounds. This work uses seven integrated assessment models to consider current mitigation efforts, and project likely temperature trajectories.
Sustainability in manufacturing processes needs to be increased. Bio-inspired design is one promising and innovative approach to design better products and processes. Therefore, this study uses bio-inspired design to find new process setups for novel grinding system components to address problems defined through an axiomatic grinding model. This paper discusses bio-inspired ideas for chip transport and tool cleaning, abrasive wear resistance, self-sharpening, breaking air barriers, cooling, and new process environments. Case studies and new concepts highlight potential improvements, but future research needs to validate these ideas. This study shows how nature can inspire improvements in grinding processes.
<p class="p1"><span class="s2"><strong>Resumen </strong></span>| El modelo de desarrollo vigente ha fracasado en mejorar el bienestar para una gran parte de la población y además está alterando los mecanismos ecológicos que permiten la vida en la Tierra<span class="s3"><strong>. </strong></span>Ante esta situación se han generado diferentes iniciativas de replanteamiento tecnológico, entre ellas la “ecotecnología”, un movimiento que reconoce los impactos socio-ecológicos negativos del capitalismo post-industrial y busca promover alternativas que contribuyan a la sustentabilidad<span class="s3"><strong>. </strong></span>El presente artículo revisa las diferentes aproximaciones a la ecotecnología y propone un enfoque para las condiciones de los países del Sur global, centrado en la satisfacción de necesidades humanas básicas y en la adecuación de la tecnología a los contextos locales de sus usuarios, con referencia particular a México. Se hace énfasis en la necesidad de un “nuevo contrato social de la ciencia” en el que se reconozca la importancia de la multiculturalidad y se entienda a la ecotecnología como un vehículo para un desarrollo alternativo, enfocado en el incremento de libertades individuales y colectivas y en el empoderamiento de los grupos sociales que han sido excluidos del desarrollo convencional<span class="s3"><strong>. </strong></span>El artículo revisa el estado actual de la ecotecnología en México presentando una perspectiva general y dos ejemplos concretos de su aplicación. Finalmente, se reconoce la urgencia de un movimiento unificador que reúna las experiencias ecotecnológicas de los últimos 30 años en diferentes regiones del país y logre congregar la “masa crítica” necesaria para sentar las bases de una agenda ecotecnológica nacional.<strong></strong></p>
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