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Parallel perceptrons (PPs) are very simple and efficient committee machines (a single layer of perceptrons with threshold activation functions and binary outputs, and a majority voting decision scheme), which nevertheless behave as universal approximators. The parallel delta (P-Delta) rule is an effective training algorithm, which, following the ideas of statistical learning theory used by the support vector machine (SVM), raises its generalization ability by maximizing the difference between the perceptron activations for the training patterns and the activation threshold (which corresponds to the separating hyperplane). In this paper, we propose an analytical closed-form expression to calculate the PPs' weights for classification tasks. Our method, called Direct Parallel Perceptrons (DPPs), directly calculates (without iterations) the weights using the training patterns and their desired outputs, without any search or numeric function optimization. The calculated weights globally minimize an error function which simultaneously takes into account the training error and the classification margin. Given its analytical and noniterative nature, DPPs are computationally much more efficient than other related approaches (P-Delta and SVM), and its computational complexity is linear in the input dimensionality. Therefore, DPPs are very appealing, in terms of time complexity and memory consumption, and are very easy to use for high-dimensional classification tasks. On real benchmark datasets with two and multiple classes, DPPs are competitive with SVM and other approaches but they also allow online learning and, as opposed to most of them, have no tunable parameters.

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The intersection of these two trends is what we call The Issue and it is helping businesses in every industry to become more efficient and productive. One's aim is to have an insight into the development and maintenance of comprehensive and integrated health information systems that enable sound policy and effective health system management in order to improve health and health care. Undeniably, different sorts of technologies have been developed, each with their own advantages and disadvantages, which will be sorted out by attending at the impact that Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems have to everyone in the healthcare sector engaged to quality-of-care, i.e., making sure that doctors, nurses, and staff have the training and tools they need to do their jobs.