Escalation of confl ict is frequently deemed undesirable and problematic, as it is often assumed to refer to the escalation of violence. However, there exists a diff erent form of escalation that we call "nonviolent confl ict escalation." Th is occurs when previously unrecognized confl icts are intensifi ed using nonviolent means to a point where the confl ict can no longer be ignored. Five aspects of nonviolent escalations of methods are examined through case studies, showing how diff erent forms of intensifi cation can work together to escalate the confl ict. Nonviolent escalations of unrecognized confl icts can serve as potent tools in struggles against tyranny, injustice, and human rights violations.Th e authors would like to thank the editor of Confl ict Resolution Quarterly, as well as the anonymous reviewers for conversations and comments on drafts which helped us clarify our thinking about nonviolent confl ict escalation. We are also grateful to Sarah Freeman-Woolpert who assisted in improving the language considerably.

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This book is ''the missing link'' between the studies of nonviolence and the field of psychology. The author has, for 25 years, studied and published important contributions to the understanding of the nonviolent sides of human nature. For the minority within the growing peace research society, who care more about peace than war, this is a valuable source of deep thinking to understand the psychological dimensions of peaceful behavior. Kool-a Professor of Psychology at the State University of New York, who has written several classic books on the psychology of nonviolencetakes the reader through the main schools of psychology and discusses, with deep knowledge, their relevance for understanding how nonviolent behavior can be understood as a human reaction in certain situations.For psychologists, this volume opens doors to the lesser known world of nonviolent activities in social conflicts. As a complement to the enormous number of works on aggression and violence, Kool offers a focus on the constructive, peaceful, and creative reactions for humans in conflicts.The problems of understanding and measuring nonviolence are discussed in detail, and several methodologies are examined. Based on his own Nonviolence Test and other methods, Kool provides the reader with an unusual and nuanced picture of the complexity of nonviolence as an important human response to stressful pressure and as a way to handle conflicts.

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