We have recently shown that the genome of equine arteritis virus (EAV) contains seven open reading frames (ORFs). We now present data on the structural proteins of EAV and the assignment of their respective genes.Virions are composed of a 14-kDa nucleocapsid protein (N) and three membrane proteins designated M, Gs, and GL. M is an unglycosylated protein of 16 kDa, and GS and GL are N-glycosylated proteins of 25 and 30 to 42 kDa, respectively. The broad size distribution of GL results from heterogeneous N-acetyllactosamine addition since it is susceptible to digestion by endo-o-galactosidase. Using monospecific antisera as well as an antivirion serum, and by expression of individual ORFs, the genes for the structural proteins were identified: ORF 7 codes for N, ORF 6 for M, ORF 5 for GL, and ORF 2 for GS. With the exception of GS, the proteins are about equally abundant in EAV virions, being present at a molar ratio of 3 (N):2 (M):3 (GL). The GS protein, which is expressed at a level similar to that of M in infected cells, is strikingly underrepresented in virus particles (1 to 2%). Our data justify a distinct taxonomic position for EAV, together with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus and simian hemorrhagic fever virus; although coronavirus-and toroviruslike in features of transcription and translation, the virion architecture of EAV is fundamentally different.
Summary The proteins of equine arteritis virus (EAV) and lactic dehydrogenase virus of mice (LDV), both non‐arthropod‐borne togaviruses, are of very similar molecular weight, which might indicate a common evolutionary origin. Cross‐neutralization tests and electrophoretic analysis of heterologous radioimmunoprecipitates in polyacrylamide gels showed, however, that there was no antigenic relationship at the level of the envelope proteins or nucleocapsid proteins. During this study it was found that VP1, the nucleocapsid protein of EAV, binds directly to staphylococcal protein A. Zusammenfassung Die Eiweißanteile des equinen Arteritisvirus (EAV) und des Laktatdehydrogenase‐Virus (LDV) der Maus besitzen etwa gleiches Molekulargewicht, was entwicklungsge‐schichtlich gesehen einen gemeinsamen Ursprung vermuten läßt. Kreuzneutralisationstests und die Untersuchung heterologer Radioimmunopräzipitate in der Polyacrylamid‐Gelelektrophorese zeigten jedoch, daß keine Antigenverwandtschaft auf der Basis der Hülloder Nukleokapsidproteine besteht. Im Verlauf dieser Untersuchungen wurde festgestellt, daß VP1, das Nukleokapsidprotein von EAV, direkt an das Staphylokokken‐Protein A bindet. Résumé Comparaison antigénique du virus de l'artérite équine (EAV) et du lactate‐déhydrogénase‐virus (LDV); liaison de la protéine A staphylococcique à la protéine de nucléocapside de EAV. Les parties protéiques du virus de l'artérite équine (EAV) et du lactate‐déhydrogénase‐virus (LDV) de la souris possèdent un poids moléculaire à peu près égal, ce qui laisse supposer une origine commune du point de vue de leur développement dans le temps. Des tests de neutralisation croisés et l'examen de précipités radioimmunologiques hétérologues dans l'électrophorèse sur gel de polyacrylamide ont montré qu'il n'y avait aucune parenté antigénique sur la base des protéines de l'enveloppe ou de la nucléocapside. Il a été établi au cours de ces recherches que la protéine de nucléocapside d'EAV (VP 1) se lie directement à la protéine A staphylococcique. Resumen Comparación antigénica del virus de la arteritis equina (EAV) y del virus de la dehidrogenasa láctica (LDV); fijación de la protéina estafilocócica A a la proteína del núcleocápside del EAV Las porciones proteicas del virus de la arteritis equina (EAV) y del virus de la lactatodehidrogenasa (LDV) del ratón poseen aprox. el mismo peso molecular, lo cual, ontogénicamente visto, hace sospechar un origen conjunto. Sin embargo, las pruebas de neutralización cruzada y el estudio de los radioinmunoprecipitados heterólogos en la electroforesis en poliacrilamida‐gelosa mostraron que no existe ningún parentesco antigénico sobre la base de protéinas de envoltura o de núcleocápside. En el curso de esta investigación se comprobó que el VP1 fija directamente la protéina del núcleocápside del EAV a la protéina estafilocócica A.
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