-Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage accounts for 5 to 10 % of all strokes, with a worldwide incidence of 10.5 / 100000 person/year, varying in individual reports from 1.1 to 96 /100000 person/year. Angiographic and autopsy studies suggest that between 0.5% and 5% of the population have intracranial aneurysms. Approximately 30000 people suffer aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the United States each year, and 60% die or are left permanently disabled. We report our experience in the surgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms in a six year period, in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We reviewed the hospital files, surgical and out-patient notes of all patients operated on for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms from January 1997 to January 2003. Four hundred and seventy-seven patients were submitted to 525 craniotomies for treatment of 630 intracranial aneurysms. The majority of patients were female (72.1%) in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Anterior circulation aneurysms were more common (94.4%). The most common location for the aneurysm was the middle cerebral artery bifurcation. The patients were followed by a period from 1 month to 5 years. The outcome was measured by the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). At discharge, 62.1% of the patients were classified as GOS 5, 13.9% as GOS 4, 8.7% as GOS 3, 1.7% as GOS 2 and 14.8% as GOS 1.KEY WORDS: aneurysm, subarachnoid hemorrhage, stroke. Tratamento cirúrgico dos aneurismas intracranianos: experiência de seis anos em Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilRESUMO -A hemorragia subaracnóidea espontânea é responsável por cerca de 5 a 10% de todos os acidentes vasculares cerebrais, com uma incidência mundial de 10,5 / 100000 pessoas/ano, variando em estudos individuais de 1,1 a 96 / 100000 pessoas / ano, de acordo com diferenças étnicas e geográficas. Estudos angiográficos e de necropsia sugerem que a presença de aneurismas intracranianos ocorre em 0,5-5% da população mundial. De acordo com estatísticas norte-americanas, ocorrem cerca de 30000 rupturas de aneurisma cerebral por ano naquele país, com conseqüências desastrosas para grande parte dos pacientes: cerca de 60% morrem ou permanecem com seqüelas neurológicas graves. Relatamos a experiência do nosso serviço num período de seis anos no tratamento dos aneurismas intracranianos em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Foram revistos os prontuários e descrições de cirurgia de todos os pacientes operados para tratamento de aneurismas intracranianos no período de janeiro de 1997 a janeiro de 2003. Quatrocentos e setenta e sete pacientes foram submetidos a 525 procedimentos cirúrgicos para tratamento de 630 aneurismas. A maior parte dos pacientes era do sexo feminino, na quarta e quinta décadas de vida. Aneurismas de circulação anterior foram mais freqüentes, e a localização mais comum foi a artéria cerebral média. O período de seguimento dos pacientes variou de um mês a 5 anos. A avaliação do resultado foi feita de acordo com a "Glasgow Outcome Scale" (GOS) por ocasião da alta hospitalar, com 296 pacientes em GOS 5 (6...

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility, safety and accuracy of pedicle screw placement in the upper thoracic spine using the free-hand technique with the aid of fluoroscopy; to analyze the methods used to verify correct screw positioning intra and postoperatively. Method: All patients with instability of the cervicothoracic or upper thoracic spine and at least one screw placed in the segment T1-T6 as part of a posterior construct entered the study. Only C-arm intraoperative fluoroscopy was used to guide screw placement. Results: We obtained excellent positioning in 98.07% of the screws. CT scans precisely demonstrated pedicle wall and anterolateral body violations. There was no hardware failure, no neurological or vascular injury and no loss of alignment during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Pedicle screws can be safely placed in the upper thoracic spine when strict technical principles are followed. Only a CT scan can precisely demonstrate vertebral body and medial pedicle cortical violations. Key words: pedicle screws, transpedicular fixation, thoracic spine, cervicothoracic junction, spinal instability.Colocação de parafusos pediculares na coluna torácica alta utilizando fluoroscopia: avaliação do posicionamento dos parafusos por tomografia computadorizada em uma série de casos durante quatro anos RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a factibilidade, segurança e eficácia da colocação de parafusos pediculares na coluna torácia alta utilizando apenas a fluoroscopia; analisar os métodos intra e pós-operatórios de verficação do posicionamento de parafusos. Método: Todos os pacientes com instabilidade da coluna cervico-torácica ou torácica alta e pelo menos um parafuso colocado no segmento T1-T6 foram incluídos no estudo. Apenas fluoroscopia intra-operatória foi utilizada para guiar a colocação dos parafusos. Resultados: Obtivemos excelente posicionamento em 98,07% dos parafusos. TC axial mostrou precisamente violações pediculares e da parede anterolateral do corpo vertebral. Não houve falência do instrumental, lesões neurológicas ou vasculares, ou perda do alinhamento sagital no período de seguimento. Conclusão: Os parafusos pediculares podem ser colocados com segurança na coluna torácica alta desde que técnicas operatórias precisas sejam executadas. Somente a TC pode demonstrar precisamente violações do corpo vertebral e da parede pedicular. Palavras-chave: parafusos pediculares, fixação transpedicular, coluna torácica alta, junção cervico-torácica, instabilidade espinhal.

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Meningiomas represent aproximatelly 30% of all intracranial tumors in autopsy studies. With an incidence of 2.3 per 100000, they are considered commom tumors in clinical practice. Twenty percent of the all intracranial tumors diagnosed in vivo are meningiomas. Most of these lesions are benign and the prognosis is intimatelly related to acessibility and ressectability of the lesion. Malignant meningiomas are rare lesions, representing between 1 to 11% of all meningiomas, varying with the definition of pathological criteria for malignancy used, and are categorized in atypical or malignant. Only recently rhabdoid transformation of meningiomas have been reported. We present a case of an extremelly aggressive rhabdoid meningioma in a 56 year-old woman. The tumor was surgically removed twice, with a lethal outcome due to local recurrence, despite maximum radiation and quimiotherapy, six months after the initial presentation.

The tethered spinal cord syndrome is a disease that is part of the group of spinal dysraphisms, that was recently recognized as an individualized nosological entity, yet not frequently diagnosed among us. It is characterized by shortening and thickening of the filum terminale which prevents the ascent of the spinal cord into spinal canal, the conus medularis abnormally remaining in a low place. It is associated in all cases with spina bifida. The diagnosis is simple, once the disease is suspected. It is manifested by progressive motor or sensory deficit in the legs, urinary incontinence, scoliosis and leg or back pain, specially in young children. The plain lumbosacral RX always shows spina bifida. Myelography makes the diagnostic. It shows, basically, the negative image of the thickened filum terminale and the low placed conus medularis. Other exams which can help are the computerized tomography and the ultra-sound of the spinal cord. The surgical treatment is very simple and heals without sequels if done in due time. It consists in a sectioning of the filum terminale through laminectomy. Two cases diagnosed and treated at Hospital da Baleia, from Fundação Benjamin Guimarãcs, Belo Horizonte, are reported in this paper.