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ReSUmenEn investigación clínica, el consentimiento informado es un documento legal y un mecanismo para respetar la dignidad y proteger los derechos y el bienestar de los sujetos participantes; debe incluir información sobre el propósito de la investigación, la justificación, los riesgos y beneficios, que le permitan a un sujeto decidir voluntariamente su participación. Como es deber del investigador velar por la protección de la vida, la salud, la dignidad, la integridad, el derecho a la autodeterminación, la intimidad y la confidencialidad de los sujetos que enrole en un estudio, tiene que establecer un diálogo permanente con estos para valorar los riesgos y la seguridad de la participación; esta condición se convierte en un proceso dinámico que no comienza ni termina únicamente con la firma del documento, y que no solamente debe trascender la legalidad, sino acercarse a la ética y la legitimidad. PALAbRAS CLAve: consentimiento informado; sujetos de investigación; experimentación humana; ensayos clínicos controlados; investigación biomédica (Fuente: DeCS, Bireme).

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PurposeMediastinal germ cell tumors (GCT) are rare neoplasms associated with poor survival prognosis. Due to their low incidence, limited information is available about this disease in South America. The objective of this study is to report the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with mediastinal GCT in a cancer center in Colombia.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with mediastinal GCT treated at the National Cancer Institute at Bogota (Colombia) between 2008 and 2020. Survival curves were presented using the Kaplan–Meier method. Chi-square and Cox proportional hazard model tests were used for data analysis.ResultsSixty-one patients were included in the study. Of them, 60 were male and 51 (83.6%) of whom had non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT). Twenty-nine patients (47.5%) presented with superior vena cava syndrome, and 18 (29.5%) patients had extrapulmonary metastatic involvement. The three-year overall survival (OS) of NSGCT patients was 26%. The 3-year OS of NSGCT patients who underwent surgical resection of residual mediastinal mass after chemotherapy was 59%. Non-surgical management after first-line chemotherapy was associated with a worse survival prognosis in NSGCT patients (p = 0.002). Ten patients with mediastinal seminomatous germ cell tumors (SCGT) achieved a 3-year OS of 100%.ConclusionMediastinal NSGCT had poor outcomes. Surgery of the residual mass after first-line chemotherapy seems to improve the outcome of NSGCT patients. Advanced disease at presentation may reflect inadequate access to reference cancer centers in Colombia and potentially explain poor survival outcomes in this cohort. On the other hand, mediastinal SCGT is a biologically different disease; most patients will achieve disease remission and long-term survival with first-line chemotherapy.