No abstract

Con el objetivo de describir las manifestaciones de pacientes con enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, antecedentes, manifestaciones clínicas y radiológicas, tratamientos y evolución en pacientes que ingresaron por emergencia, del 6 al 25 de marzo de 2020, al Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins en Lima. Se registraron 17 pacientes: el 76% eran varones, edad promedio de 53,5 años (rango de 25 a 94); el 23,5% había regresado del extranjero; 41,2% referido de otros establecimientos de salud; 41,2% ingresó a ventilación mecánica; falleció el 29,4% (5 pacientes). Los factores de riesgo detectados fueron adulto mayor, tener hipertensión arterial y obesidad; los principales síntomas, tos, fiebre y disnea; los hallazgos de laboratorio frecuentes, proteína C reactiva elevada y linfopenia; la presentación radiológica predominante, el infiltrado pulmonar intersticial bilateral. Se reporta una primera experiencia en el manejo de pacientes con diagnóstico de la COVID-19 grave en el Perú.

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Introduction: There is increasing scientific interest in the possible association between hypovitaminosis D and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection severity and/or mortality. Objective: To conduct a metanalysis of the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and SARS-CoV-2 infection severity or mortality. Material and methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Google scholar and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for studies published between December 2019 and December 2020. Effect statistics were pooled using random effects models. The quality of included studies was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Targeted outcomes: mortality and severity proportions in COVID-19 patients with 25(OH)D deficiency, defined as serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L. Results: In the 23 studies included (n = 2692), the mean age was 60.8 (SD ± 15.9) years and 53.8% were men. Results suggested that vitamin 25(OH)D deficiency was associated with increased risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 disease (RR 2.00; 95% CI 1.47-2.71, 17 studies) and mortality (RR 2.45; 95% CI 1.24-4.84, 13 studies). Only 7/23 studies reported C-reactive protein values, all of which were > 10 mg/L. Conclusions 25(OH)D deficiency seems associated with increased SARS-CoV-2 infection severity and mortality. However, findings do not imply causality, and randomized controlled trials are required, and new studies should be designed to determine if decreased 25(OH)D is an epiphenomenon or consequence of the inflammatory process associated with severe forms of SARS-CoV-2. Meanwhile, the concentration of 25(OH)D could be considered as a negative acute phase reactant and a poor prognosis in COVID-19 infection.