IntroduçãoNa região Centro-Oeste, onde predomina o cerrado, ocorrem muitas espécies de frutas nativas consideradas fontes de proteínas, fibras, energia, vitaminas, cálcio, fósforo e ácidos graxos (SILVA et al., 1994;SANO;ALMEIDA, 1998; MARIN, 2006). Muitas frutas são comercializadas e consumidas in natura ou processadas em preparo caseiro, com grande aceitação popular (ALMEIDA, 1998). O aproveitamento tecnológico de espécies frutíferas nativas pode constituir uma preciosa fonte de alimentos e riqueza para o país.A bocaiúva é um fruto que pertence à família Palmae, sendo a espécie Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. abundante e nativa no Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. A polpa e a amên-doa na forma in natura são consumidas pela população local ou nas preparações da culinária regional, tais como sorvetes, bolos, paçoca doce e cocada, podendo enriquecer a dieta como fonte complementar de nutrientes essenciais (ALMEIDA, 1998;SANO;ALMEIDA, 1998).Frutas e vegetais são exemplos de importantes fontes de nutrientes essenciais, entre eles, encontram-se os minerais, que desempenham uma função vital no desenvolvimento e boa saúde do corpo humano. Os minerais são essenciais à manutenção de várias funções de importância fisiológica como na contratibilidade muscular, na função dos nervos, na coagulação sanguínea, nos processos digestivos e no equilíbrio ácido-básico (FRANCO, 2004;HARDISSON et al., 2001).Hortaliças e frutas também são consideradas fontes de carotenóides, os quais atuam não apenas como corantes naturais, mas como compostos bioativos com atuação benéfica à AbstractWith the aim at stimulating the consumption of natural food from the Brazilian Cerrado (vast tropical savanna ecoregion of Brazil), the contens of moisture, lipid, protein, carbohydrate, ash, fiber, minerals, and main carotenoids were determinated in the bocaiuva Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. pulp. The edible portion of the fruit (pulp and kernel) corresponded to 50% of the whole fruit. The pulp presented 52.99% of moisture, 8.14% of total lipids, 1.5% of protein, 22.08% of carbohydrates, 1.51% of ash, and 13.76% of fiber. The energetic value was estimated to be 167.67 kcal.100 g -1 of wet pulp, which is higher than the other fruits from this region. Among the minerals examined, potassium was the element in higher concentrations (766.37 ± 18.36 mg.100 g ). The bocaiuva pulp may be classified as a rich source of copper for children, as a source of zinc and potassium for children, and as a source of copper and potassium for adults according to the dietary recommendation intake of those minerals. The bocaiuva pulp can be considered as rich in b-carotene (49.0 ± 2.0 mg.g -1 of integral pulp), the predominant carotenoid identified in the pulp, which can contribute to the enrichment of the regional diet, in supplementary diet programs, as a natural source of that nutrient as well as of vitamin A, copper, potassium and zinc minerals.
Baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) is an abundant legume in the Brazilian Savanna. Its nuts can be exploited sustainably using its protein and lipid fractions. This study aimed to analyze the proteins of the nuts present in the defatted flour and protein concentrate in terms of their functional properties, the profile of their fractions, and the in vitro digestibility. The flour was defatted with hexane and extracted at the pH of higher protein solubility to obtain the protein concentrate. The electrophoretic profile of the protein fractions was evaluated in SDS-PAGE gel. The functional properties of the proteins indicate the possibility of their use in various foods, like soybeans providing water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, emulsifying properties, and foamability. Globulins, followed by the albumins, are the major fractions of the flour and protein concentrate, respectively. Digestibility was greater for the concentrate than for the defatted flour.
Considering that annatto seeds are rich in protein, the present work aimed to evaluate the biological quality of this nutrient in the meal residue originating from annatto seed processing. We determined the general composition, mineral levels, amino acid composition and chemical scores, antinutritional factors, and protein quality using biological assays. The following values were obtained: 11.50% protein, 6.74% moisture, 5.22% ash, 2.22% lipids, 42.19% total carbohydrates and 28.45% fiber. The residue proved to be a food rich in fiber and also a protein source. Antinutritional factors were not detected. The most abundant amino acids were lysine, phenylalanine + tyrosine, leucine and isoleucine. Valine was the most limiting amino acid (chemical score 0.22). The protein quality of the seed residue and the isolated protein showed no significant differences. The biological value was lower than that of the control protein but higher than that found in other vegetables. Among the biochemical analyses, only creatinine level was decreased in the two test groups compared to the control group. Enzyme tests did not indicate liver toxicity. The results showed favorable aspects for the use of annatto seed residue in the human diet, meriting further research.Keywords: biological value; protein quality; annatto.Practical Application: The evaluation of biological quality of the annatto seeds' protein showed favorable aspects for the use in the human diet.
Efetuou-se avaliação nutricional da proteína da amêndoa de bocaiúva, Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd., mediante determinação do Balanço Nitrogenado (BN), Digestibilidade Verdadeira (DV), Valor Biológico (VB), Razão de Eficiência Protéica (PER) e composição em aminoácidos. Realizou-se ensaio com 24 ratos machos Wistar, alimentados com as dietas controle (caseína), teste (farinha de amêndoa de bocaiúva) e aprotéica, todas preparadas de acordo com o protocolo do American Institute of Nutrition. As dietas controle e teste foram formuladas de maneira a serem isoprotéicas. Verificou-se durante 29 dias a quantidade de ração ingerida e o ganho de peso corporal dos animais, determinando-se o nitrogênio urinário e metabólico. A farinha desengordurada de amêndoa de bocaiúva apresentou alto teor de proteína (38,0%) e de fibra (45,3%). Ratos tratados com a dieta-teste apresentaram menor balanço nitrogenado (2,0), menor ganho de peso (42,8 g) e menor capacidade de promover a digestibilidade de proteínas (83,5%) que os tratados com caseína (respectivamente, 3,3; 55,5 g e 95,5%). Pelo perfil de aminoácidos da amostra, a treonina constitui o aminoácido essencial mais limitante (escore químico de 41,8%) em relação ao padrão da FAO/WHO, sendo encontrados teores elevados de valina, isoleucina, fenilalanina+tirosina, metionina+cisteína e lisina. A proteína da amêndoa da bocaiúva, embora com alto valor biológico (81,1%), apresentou qualidade nutricional mais baixa que a caseína padrão quanto aos outros índices avaliados. Conclui-se que é possível utilizar amêndoas de bocaiúva para suplementar dietas, especialmente quando adotadas formas de preparo que melhorem sua digestibilidade.
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