(Anesth Analg. 2015;121:752–758) Bedside ultrasonography can be used to establish the gastric contents of pregnant women about to undergo general anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery. This could help avoid the serious complication of pulmonary aspiration by prompting anesthesiologists to discourage general anesthesia in a woman found to have a full stomach. In the past ultrasonography was not able to detect an empty stomach, but technological improvements have made this a possibility. This study investigated the qualitative and quantitative sonographic patterns of the gastric antrum in fasted pregnant patients.

Fetuses with midtrimester short femur, short humerus, or short femur and humerus combined require more intensive surveillance for growth restriction development.

Most reference charts assessed underestimated the number of fetuses with long bone lengths <5th percentile in second-trimester ultrasound examinations and were thus unfit for interpretations of biometric data from the study population.

The weight reference ranges of this study virtually overlap with the Hadlock ranges. We believe that only at lower gestational ages in the second trimester might some FGR diagnoses be missed in the population study with Hadlock's reference.