No abstract

Introducción: La apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) es un trastorno prevalente, caracterizado por episodios repetidos de obstrucción completa o parcial de las vías respiratorias superiores, en el cual ocurre un colapso faríngeo repetitivo durante el sueño que produce una respiración interrumpida durante la noche (hipoxia nocturna), fragmentación del sueño y excitación simpática. Adicionalmente se producen alteraciones en señales bioquímicas, manifestadas en episodios de ansiedad, desbalance en el equilibrio apetito/saciedad y la persistencia o mantenimiento del etilismo.   Objetivo: Plantear una hipótesis explicativa de la influencia de la apnea obstructiva como factor o elemento que influye en el origen y mantenimiento del consumo abusivo del alcohol.    Metodología: revisión sistemática de la literatura médica publicada en inglés, español en la biblioteca de bases de datos biomédicas [PubMed, EMBASE,  Cochrane, Elsevier]. Con relación en las consecuencias bioquímicas de la AOS en los niveles de cortisol grelina y y leptina     Discusión: se encuentra información de las alteraciones de los niveles de cortisol grelina y leptina como consecuencia de la apnea obstructiva del sueño que permite pesar en una relación entre apnea como factor de riesgo para el consumo de alcohol.   Conclusiones: La Apnea Obstructiva de Sueño, al producir alteraciones a la alta, de la secreción de cortisol, grelina y leptina, contribuye a una mayor predisposición para el consumo de alcohol, el abuso y su expresión como alcoholismo.

This case study is about a family therapy process where members of two generations meet together, reframe painful memories, and acquire a new understanding of incest that will help the parents and future generations move on in a healthy way. The authors used their Etnia Terapéutica approach, where the therapeutic system is an ethnic meaning generating system. Here cultural, ethnic, racial, and other embodied characteristics of both therapists and clients create a fabric that sustains and enriches the process of constructing new understandings and possibilities.Therapy begins with an exchange where the client articulates what is happening in his or her life by using words to describe the people, feelings, and actions that are causing distress. As therapists, we listen to our clients' words as expressions that invite us to enter a world of unique, embodied, relationally-generated meanings. In the therapeutic system, each member's personal characteristics, and their understanding of self and others, result from particular multi-layered gender, family, social class, racial, and spiritual experiences. Our own personal and professionally acquired viewpoints as therapists are the product of similar ethnically illuminated experiences. Together, we form a conversational system that is rich with possibilities where these embodied characteristics and experiences are part of the created meanings.As we talk with our clients we seek to understand their particular environment and the meanings that result from their way of being in the world (Garciandía & Samper, 2004a). We complement our diagnostic, psychological, and psychiatric training with postmodern and socio-constructionist ideas to avoid colonizing our Clients' names have been modified to ensure confidentiality. Family members' direct quotes are translated in a way that honors their syntax and language, which may seem awkward for the reader.