La degradación de los suelos, al igual que la escasez de agua, son a nivel mundial condiciones características de las zonas áridas y semi-áridas, muchas de ellas actualmente en riesgo de desertificación; sin embargo, la agricultura en dichas regiones juega por lo regular un papel muy importante en la economía del país. De aquí que la implementación de la hidroponía como forma alternativa de producción de cultivos viene a ayudar a promover la protección ambiental, al igual que la sustentabilidad. La hidroponía deriva de las palabras griegas Hydro=Agua y Ponos=Labor o trabajo y traducido literalmente significa "trabajo en agua". Constituye una técnica de producción de cultivos en la cual no se requiere del uso del suelo, el cual es reemplazado por agua con los nutrientes minerales esenciales disueltos en ella, a la cual se le denomina solución nutritiva. La solución nutritiva es quizá la parte más importante de toda técnica hidropónica, la formulación y supervisión de la solución nutritiva, junto a una adecuada elección de las fuentes minerales solubles, constituyen una de las bases para el éxito del cultivo hidropónico. Aunque esta técnica se remonta a los jardines colgantes de Babilonia, la hidroponia tuvo su origen en el siglo XIX, derivada de los estudios que realizó el fisiólogo John Woodward sobre la absorción de nutrientes por las plantas; aunque fue a finales de la EDITORIAL La producción hidropónica de cultivosSoil degradation and water shortage are characteristics of arid and semi-arid zones worldwide, with many areas at risk of desertification; however, agriculture plays an important role in the economy of many of the countries affected. Implementing hydroponics as an alternative from of crop production helps promote environmental protection and sustainability. Hydroponics derives from the Greek words hydro=water and ponos=work, thus it is literally "work in water". It is a crop production technique that does not require the use of soil, which is replaced by water with the necessary mineral salts dissolved in it, known as the nutritive solution. The nutritive solution is perhaps the most important part of the entire hydroponic technique; the formulation and supervision of the nutritive solution, along with an appropriate election of the soluble mineral sources, are key in the success of hydroponic crops.
Four microalgae, Chaetoceros sp., Phaeodactylum tricomutum Bohlin, Tetraselmis sp. and Pavlova lutheri (Droop) Hibberd, were kept in semicontinuous cultures at dilution rates between 75 and 15%, depending on species and medium. The quantity and quality of the biomass produced using a nonconventional culture medium were compared to that obtained with a traditional formulation. The biomass produced did not differ qualitatively as a result of medium or dilution rates, but the daily yield of Tetraselmis sp. and of Pavlova lutheri was significantly lower with the nonconventional medium. The best yields of Chaetoceros, Phaeodactylum, Tetraselmis and Pavlova were with dilution rates of 50, 60 and 40% for the conventional medium and 25, 70, 40 and 30% for the nonconventional formulation. The savings, in terms of cost of chemicals, range between 91 and 70%, depending on the grade of the chemicals and on the species in culture.
In order to assess the influence of two production systems on postharvest quality and shelf life of two green pepper hybrids (Capsicum annuum L.), Anaheim-types 'Cardon' (mild hot) and '118' (mid hot), two experiments were carried out. In the first, plants were grown in open-field, and in the second under greenhouse conditions (soil directly and soilless). From each production system, fifty freshly harvested fruits were picked and stored at 20 ºC during 14 days. Weight loss, color analysis measured as lightness (L), chromaticity (C), and shade (ºHue), pH, titratable acidity, and total soluble solids were determined every three days until each individual fruit was considered unacceptable for sale. The results indicated that 'Cardon' grown in soil-greenhouse showed the highest weight loss (38.1%), followed by 'Cardon' and '118' grown in open-field conditions (37.5 and 35%, respectively). Hydroponic-greenhouse 'Cardon' presented the lowest weight loss (24.9%). Luminosity in fresh fruit was greater in hydroponic-greenhouse 'Cardon'. Fruit chromaticity and tone began to decrease at four days after harvest (DAH) changing color from the green color tone until a final red color at 14 DAH. The pH changed from 4.62 to 5.91 while titratable acidity changed from 0.14 to 0.37 (% of citric acid) and the total soluble solids changed from 3.4 to 10 ºBrix. Fresh chile pepper grown under hydroponic-greenhouse conditions presented a better quality and shelf life (10 DAH) while those in open-field conditions showed a marketing limit of 5 DAH.Key words: Anaheim Chile, postharvest, fruit quality, shelf life. RESUMEN A fin de evaluar la influencia de dos sistemas de producción en la calidad de postcosecha y vida de anaquel de dos híbridos de chile verde (Capsicum annuum L.) tipo Anaheim de nombres 'Cardón' (picosidad leve) y '118' (picosidad media), dos experimentos fueron llevados a cabo. En el primero, plantas de chile fueron cultivadas en condiciones de campo abierto y en el segundo bajo condiciones de invernadero (directamente en el suelo y sin suelo). De cada sistema se cosecharon cincuenta frutos frescos y fueron almacenados a 20 ºC durante 14 días y la pérdida de peso, análisis de color como la luminosidad (L), cromaticidad (C) y tono (ºHue), pH, acidez titulable y sólidos solubles totales fueron determinados cada tercer día hasta que cada fruto individual fue considerado inaceptable para su venta. Los resultados indicaron que 'Cardón' cultivado directamente en el suelo dentro del invernadero mostró la pérdida de peso más alta (38,1%), seguido por 'Cardón' y '118' cultivados en condiciones de campo abierto (37,5 y 35%, respectivamente), presentando 'Cardón' cultivado
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