RESUMO -(Diversidade e estrutura de espécies arbóreas em área alagável do município de Londrina, Sul do Brasil). Um levantamento fitossociológico em área alagável do Parque Estadual Mata dos Godoy, Londrina, PR, sul do Brasil (23°27'S e 51º15'W) determinou a diversidade e a estrutura das espécies arbóreas. O levantamento foi realizado em 0,5ha utilizando-se 50 parcelas de 10m×10m, tendo-se como critério de inclusão o perímetro mínimo a altura do peito de 15cm. Para cada espécie foram calculadas a densidade, a freqüência e a dominância. Palavras-chave -áreas alagáveis, classes de tamanho, riqueza de espécies, fitossociologia, sul do Brasil ABSTRACT -(Diversity and structure of a tree species community in flooded area in the municipality of Londrina, Southern Brazil). A phytosociological study was developed in flooded area of the Mata dos Godoy State Park, municipality of Londrina, southern Brazil (23º27'S and 51°15'W) in order to determine the diversity and the structure of tree species. Fifty 10m×10m plots (0,5ha) were used to sample trees with GBH (girth at breast height) ≥ 15,0cm. Density, frequency and dominance parameters were calculated for each species. In this area 912 living and 58 dead individuals were sampled. The living individuals were distributed in 26 families, 49 genera and 64 species. The value of the Shannon's diversity index was 3,44. The families with the highest species number were Leguminosae and Myrtaceae, while Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez, Chrysophyllum
Foram realizados estudos da composição florística e fitossociologia de 1 ha de floresta ciliar do rio Iapó (bacia do rio Tibagi), município de Tibagi, PR (24º31’S e 50º25’W) utilizando-se 100 parcelas contíguas de 10 x 10 m, tendo-se como critério de inclusão um diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) mínimo de 5 cm. Para cada espécie amostrada foram estimados parâmetros relativos à freqüência, densidade e dominância, além do índice do valor de importância (IVI) e índice do valor de cobertura (IVC). O levantamento resultou em 1594 indivíduos pertencentes a 127 espécies, 81 gêneros e 43 famílias. As espécies mais importantes em IVI e IVC foram Eugenia blastantha, Faramea porophylla, Casearia obliqua, Nectandra grandiflora, Sebastiania commersoniana, Casearia sylvestris e Actinostemon concolor. As três famílias com maior IVI foram Myrtaceae, Lauraceae e Euphorbiaceae, sendo que Lauraceae possui 15 espécies e 142 indivíduos, Myrtaceae, 14 espécies e 280 indivíduos e Euphorbiaceae, cinco espécies e 274 indivíduos. O índice de diversidade de Shannon-Weaver encontrado foi de 3,67.
The floristic composition and the phytosociological structure of 1 ha of riparian forest along the Iapó river (Tibagi river basin) in the municipality of Tibagi, Paraná State, Southern Brazil (24º31’S and 50º25’W), were analysed. One hundred contiguous 10 x 10 m quadrats were used to sample trees with DBH ³ 5 cm. Frequency, density and dominance parameters were calculated for each species. At this locality 1594 individuals, 127 species, 81 genera and 43 families were recorded on the quadrats. Eugenia blastantha, Faramea porophylla, Casearia obliqua, Nectandra grandiflora, Sebastiania commersoniana, Casearia sylvestris and Actinostemon concolor were the most important species in terms of IVI and IVC. Myrtaceae, Lauraceae and Euphorbiaceae were the families with the largest IVI values. Lauraceae presented 15 species and 142 individuals; Myrtaceae, 14 species and 280 individuals and Euphobiaceae, five species and 274 individuals. The value of the Shannon’s diversity index was 3.67
RESUMO -(Tolerância à inundação de Cecropia pachystachya Trec. (Cecropiaceae): aspectos ecofisiológicos e morfoanatômicos).Visando elucidar aspectos da tolerância à hipoxia, plantas de Cecropia pachystachya foram submetidas a 30 dias de inundação. O crescimento e desenvolvimento, a condutância estomática, a fotossíntese e a morfo-anatomia foram avaliadas. A taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR) da raiz e do caule foi inferior em plantas alagadas, não havendo diferenças nesta taxa para as folhas e para a planta inteira. A não variação na TCR das folhas pode ter sido em função da maior esclerofilia foliar das plantas alagadas, que apresentaram menor área. A condutância estomática e a taxa fotossintética diminuíram nas plantas submetidas ao alagamento. Foram observadas alterações morfoanatômicas em caules e principalmente em raízes de plantas alagadas. A análise dos resultados indica que a tolerância desta espécie a períodos de inundação está relacionada à sua capacidade de manter uma satisfatória produção energética. A manutenção de um balanço energético positivo possibilita que mesmo sob estresse, com queda na taxa fotossintética, as plantas desta espécie apresentem uma considerável TCR. Portanto, C. pachystachya pode ser forte competidora em áreas sujeitas ao alagamento. Palavras-chave: alagamento, anatomia ecológica, Cecropia pachystachya, fotossíntese, TCRABSTRACT -(Flood tolerance in Cecropia pachystachya Trec. (Cecropiaceae): ecophysiological and morpho-anatomical aspects). To elucidate certain aspects of hypoxia tolerance in Cecropia pachystachya, plants were submitted to 30 days of flooding. Growth and development, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rates and morpho-anatomy were studied. Root and stem relative growth rates (RGR) were lower in flooded plants. There was no difference in leaf RGR and whole plant RGR. The maintenance of leaf RGR is possibly related to greater sclerophylly in flooded plants. Stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate decreased due to flooding. Stems and roots, especially the latter, showed morpho-anatomical alterations in flooded plants. The results so far suggest that flood tolerance in C. pachystachya is related to the capacity to maintain satisfactory energy production. The maintenance of a positive energy balance allows this species to maintain a substantial RGR, even under stress with a lower photosynthetic rate. Therefore C. pachystachya may be a strong competitor in flooded areas.
ABSTRACT. Soybean genotypes MG/BR46 (Conquista) and BR16, drought-tolerant and -sensitive, respectively, were compared in terms of morphophysiological and gene-expression responses to water stress during two stages of development. Gene-expression analysis showed differential responses in Gmdreb1a and Gmpip1b mRNA expression within 30 days of water-deficit initiation in MG/BR46 (Conquista) plants. Within 45 days of initiating stress, Gmp5cs and Gmpip1b had relatively higher expression. Initially, BR16 showed increased expression only for Gmdreb1a, and later (45 days) for Gmp5cs, Gmdefensin and Gmpip1b. Only BR16 presented down-regulated expression of genes, such as Gmp5cs and Gmpip1b, 30 days after the onset of moisture stress, and Gmgols after 45 days of stress. The faster perception of water stress in MG/BR46 (Conquista) and the better maintenance of up-regulated gene expression than in the sensitive BR16 genotype imply mechanisms by which the former is better adapted to tolerate moisture deficiency.
This study was developed in the Mata dos Godoy State Park (23°27'S, 51°15'W) South
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