Measles is a disease caused by an RNA virus of the Morbillivirus genus, which is part of the Paramyxoviridae family. Measles is highly contagious, but can be preventable by vaccination. In recent years, an increasing number of cases reported in both developed and developing countries, mainly as a consequence of population changes and inadequate vaccination policies and strategies, as well as the rise of anti-vaccine groups. Clinical manifestations are based on four typical stages of the disease. Mortality rates are estimated to be as high as 25%, primarily in children with comorbidities such as malnutrition or vitamin A deficiency. This article reviews and updates the epidemiological, clinical, and measles vaccination aspects, particularly in some Latin American countries. We highlight the need for compliance with immunization policies and strategies, in order to prevent the spread of outbreaks.