A partir do ano de 2015, a Região Metropolitana da Grande São Luís -RMGSL foi reestruturada, com a inclusão dos municípios de Axixá, Cachoeira Grande, Morros e Presidente Juscelino, entre outras ações. Esses municípios sofrem os impactos da forte interação e concentração econômica, social e urbana, sem contar com um sistema consistente de planejamento e gestão metropolitana compartilhada que minimize os riscos desta interação e apresente soluções para os problemas vividos pela população. Este estudo tem o objetivo de analisar e caracterizar a nova configuração da RMGSL, a partir de indicadores econômicos e sociais (Dinâmica Populacional; Taxa de Urbanização; Produto Interno Produto -PIB, Renda e População na Força de Trabalho) refletindo sobre o desenvolvimento e a situação da mesma, com o intuito de compreender a realidade metropolitana em sua totalidade, para além das simples análises operacionais e setoriais. Parte-se da hipótese de que mesmo em uma região metropolitana com atores em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento e com predominância do setor primário e urbanização incompleta, pode-se visualizar potenciais socioambientais e econômicos, que com ações conjuntas e compartilhadas sejam capazes de dinamizar e reestruturar o desenvolvimento socioespacial. Economic Indicators of the Metropolitan Region of the Great São Luís Abstract:From the year 2015, the metropolitan area of Greater São Luís -RMGSL was restructured to include the municipalities of Axixá, Cachoeira Grande, Morros and Presidente Juscelino, among other actions. These municipalities are suffering the impacts of the strong interaction and economic concentration, social and urban, not counting a consistent system planning and shared metropolitan management that minimizes the risks of this interaction and present solutions to the problems experienced by the population. This study aims to analyze and characterize the new configuration of RMGSL, from economic and social indicators (Population Dynamics; urbanization rate; domestic product Product -GDP, income and population in the Workforce) reflecting on the development and the same situation, in order to understand the metropolitan reality in its entirety, beyond simple operational and sector analysis. It starts with the hypothesis that even in a metropolitan area with actors at different stages of development and predominance of the primary sector and incomplete urbanization, you can view environmental and economic potential, which with joint efforts and shared will be able to streamline and restructure the social and spatial development.
Communal forests occupy one million hectares in the Northern of Portugal and Galicia. Since centuries ago, "Baldios" and "Montes Veciñais en Man Común" (MVMC) played an essential function in the economy of their owner communities. This role was lost all through the last century due to the enormous afforestation and the decrease of agriculture. The restitution of democratic regimes returned the communal forests tenure to the communities. Given the extension and high average area, our paper aims to research its potentialities and limitations of contribution to rural development. Two case studies, one in North Portugal and another one in Galicia, allow identifying the individual and collective traditional uses and the achievements made with revenues linked. Both Galician and Portuguese realities exhibit similarities and complementary benefits, and needing social and economic innovation to make a better use of rural resilience. Communal lands and small-scale business projects could maintain the network of local produce markets with attractive aesthetic values as well as biodiversity conservation. The comparison of the different criteria shows economic aspects are the most valorised by the stakeholders. The management decision of collective forests was the alternative mixed by the communities and the Forestry Services as the best one to complete the main objective of sustainable rural development. As a final conclusion of our work, remarking that the communities owning these forests currently seem to have the conditions to successfully manage their properties if the commoners are able to mobilize and adequate organize the communities.
O presente estudo analisa a viabilidade de corredores ecológicos na Grande São Luís a partir do avanço da expansão urbana sobre as Unidades de Conservação, e até mesmo no seu interior, e com a deficiência de políticas públicas, o que acarreta uma série de danos, como alterações na dinâmica da paisagem e fragmentação dessas áreas protegidas. Nesse contexto, a pesquisa utiliza técnicas ligadas ao Sistema de Informações Geográficas -SIG para demonstrar a viabilidade e a necessidade de implantação do corredor ecológico da APA do Itapiracó -Upaon-Açu/Miritiba/Alto Preguiças, nos moldes de um parque urbano linear, como forma de integrar as Unidades de Conservação -UC. Por fim, é necessário salientar a importância deste estudo, assim como o seu potencial inovador, por incluir na proposta de corredores, UC's que se encontram em uma região sob forte pressão urbana.
Communal lands occupy about one million hectares in the northwest IberianPeninsula with high average areas (500 hectares in Portugal and 200 in Galicia).The region is among the poorest in the European Union with a notably lower grossdomestic product in comparison with the most developed regions of Europe. Overcenturies, ‘Baldios’ in Portugal and ‘Montes Veciñais en Man Común’ (MVMC) inGalicia played an essential role in the rural economy of their owner’s communities.They were mainly used in forestry, but several reasons resulted in a current subutilizationof them. This role was lost during the twentieth century due to greatreforestation and a decline in agriculture prominence. The restoration ofdemocratic regimes returned Baldios and MVMC to their owners, now declining,aging and disorganized. Taking into account the extension of these lands and theiraverage size, this paper looks into the main historical determinants of the commonsexistence and tries to illustrate their present-day with reference to the collectiveaction problem; features related to the commoners’ (‘veciños’ and ‘compartes’)characteristics and to the way they use their lands are analysed. Both Galician andPortuguese realities exhibit similarities and complementary benefits requiringsocial innovation to make better use of rural resilience. Communal lands and smallscalebusiness initiatives could support the network of the local produce marketswith attractive values, and also the conservation of the biodiversity. These data arediscussed focusing at the human and natural resources.
Luís-RMGSL sofrem os impactos da forte interação e concentração econômica, social e urbana, sem contar com um sistema consistente de planejamento e gestão metropolitana compartilhada que minimize os riscos desta interação e apresente soluções para os problemas vividos pela população. Dessa forma, este artigo analisa e caracteriza a nova configuração da RMGSL, a partir de indicadores sociais (Dinâmica Populacional; Taxa de Urbanização; Déficit Habitacional; IDHM e Taxa de Analfabetismo) refletindo sobre o desenvolvimento e a situação da mesma, com o intuito de compreender a realidade metropolitana em sua totalidade, para além das simples análises operacionais e setoriais. Verificamos que os indicadores sociais apontam a permanência e aumento da concentração de serviços e investimentos na cidade polo, exigindo a reorientação da dinâmica urbana e institucional para a descentralização dos recursos e políticas públicas locais como forma de evitar a fragmentação do tecido sociopolítico-espacial na metrópole.
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