Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies represent still a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in different disciplines including neurology, rheumatology, and dermatology. In recent years, the spectrum of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies has been significantly extended and the different manifestations were described in more detail leading to new classification criteria. A major breakthrough has also occurred with respect to new biomarkers especially with the characterization of new autoantibody-antigen systems, which can be separated in myositis specific antibodies and myositis associated antibodies. These markers are detectable in approximately 80% of patients and facilitate not only the diagnostic procedures, but provide also important information on stratification of patients with respect to organ involvement, risk of cancer and overall prognosis of disease. Therefore, it is not only of importance to know the significance of these markers and to be familiar with the optimal diagnostic tests, but also with potential limitations in detection. This article focuses mainly on antibodies which are specific for myositis providing an overview on the targeted antigens, the available detection procedures and clinical association. As major tasks for the near future, the need of an international standardization is discussed for detection methods of autoantibodies in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Furthermore, additional investigations are required to improve stratification of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies according to their antibody profile with respect to response to different treatment options.
ZusammenfassungKlassische Myositis-spezifische Autoantikörper (MSA) gegen t-RNA-Synthetasen, Mi-2 und SRP lassen sich nur selten bei juvenilen idiopathischen inflammatorischen Myopathien (JIIM) nachweisen und trugen bisher wenig zur Diagnosestellung bei. Die Entdeckung neuer MSA wie TIF-1 gamma, NXP-2, MDA5 und SAE ermöglicht eine bessere Diagnostik und serologische Klassifikation der JIIM sowie prognostische Aussagen. MSA können bei etwa 60 % der JIIM nachgewiesen werden, wobei Antikörper gegen TIF-1 gamma und NXP-2 am häufigsten sind. Diese sind vor allem mit juveniler Dermatomyositis assoziiert, wobei Patienten mit NXP-2-Antiköpern jünger sind, häufiger eine subkutane Kalzinose entwickeln und einen schwereren Krankheitsverlauf zeigen. Kinder mit MDA5-Antikörper zeigen vorwiegend Hautmanifestationen und eine milde Form der Myositis. SAE-Antikörper sind extrem selten. Die Konzentration von Antikörpern gegen Jo-1, SRP und MDA-5 korreliert mit der Krankheitsaktivität. Das erweiterte Spektrum nachweisbarer MSA könnte in Zukunft die Notwendigkeit invasiver diagnostischer Methoden wie der Muskelbiopsie reduzieren und neue Möglichkeiten zur Therapie -stratifizierung und -überwachung schaffen.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.