This paper describes the findings of a systematic literature review aimed at providing an overview of the lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder and bipolar spectrum disorders in population-based studies. Databases MEDLINE, ProQuest, Psychnet, and Web of Science were browsed for papers published in English between 1999 and May 2012 using the following search string: bipolar disorders OR bipolar spectrum disorders AND prevalence OR cross-sectional OR epidemiology AND population-based OR non-clinical OR community based. The search yielded a total of 434 papers, but only those published in peer-reviewed journals and with samples aged ≥ 18 years were included, resulting in a final sample of 18 papers. Results revealed rather heterogeneous findings concerning the prevalence of bipolar disorders and bipolar spectrum disorders. Lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder ranged from 0.1 to 7.5%, whereas lifetime prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorders ranged from 2.4 to 15.1%. Differences in the rates of bipolar disorder and bipolar spectrum disorders may be related to the consideration of subthreshold criteria upon diagnosis. Differences in the prevalence of different subtypes of the disorder are discussed in light of diagnostic criteria and instruments applied.
Trauma infantil e sua associação com transtornos do humor na vida adulta: uma revisão sistemática Eventos estressores traumáticos na infância ocorrem comumente em situações de maus-tratos e estão associados a prejuízos psicológicos e a transtornos mentais, entre eles os transtornos do humor. Este estudo apresenta uma revisão sistemática da literatura visando a identificar achados que descrevam associações entre trauma na infância e transtornos do humor na vida adulta. Uma busca de palavras-chave foi realizada nas bases de dados Scielo, Web of Science, PsychInfo, LILACS e Pubmed. Dez artigos preencheram os critérios de inclusão estabelecidos. Todos os artigos encontrados apontavam relações significativas entre traumas na infância e diferentes tipos de transtornos do humor. Estudos mostram ainda que, nos casos em que há esse tipo de associação, também são encontradas comorbidades psiquiátricas, pior sintomatologia e prognóstico.
Palavras-chave:Transtornos do humor. Trauma na infância. Estudos de associação.
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