El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el uso de subproductos agrícolas (cáscara de yucay cascarilla de arroz) para compost como alternativa de valoración económica. La metodologíaaplicada contempló un diseño completamente al azar bifactorial para determinar los efectos delos dos factores de investigación (proporciones de subproductos y sistemas de compostaje) en seistratamientos; las variables físicas analizadas fueron: temperatura, pH y conductividad eléctrica(CE). Los resultados, develaron que los tratamientos 5 y 6, mostraron mayor temperatura en lasfases iniciales del compostaje; no obstante, al alcanzar la maduración la temperatura descendióhasta 21°C. El pH, fue muy similar en todos los tratamientos con un rango de 5 a 9. Se observó unadistribución heterogénea de la CE en la fase final del compostaje, con valores desde 5,65 dS/m(T6) a 0,38 dS/m (T2). En conclusión, los subproductos analizados presentan un gran potencial comomateria prima para compost.
In the city of Calceta (Manabí, Ecuador) three poultry farms have been identified for the production of eggs, which do not perform any treatment of the excreta of the laying birds, which leads to the generation of gases and bad odors that affect the population. The present work analyzes the efficiency in the reduction of air pollution when treating poultry excreta with different doses of efficient microorganisms (EMs). The experiment was designed in a unifactorial way with four treatments, based on 5 Kg of poultry excreta. Volumetric doses were added in the following order: 0,5; 1,0; and 1,5 liters of EMs; while, 1 liter of water was added as control. The monitoring parameters were pH, humidity, ammonium and the number of colonies of Bacillus spp., Lactobacillus spp. and yeasts. The biostabilization process was evaluated with two measurements, the first at 10 days and the second at 20 days of application of the EMs. The results show that at 20 days the pH values reached ranges between 8,3 and 7,6; a decrease in ammonium concentrations from 3,14 mg/L to 0,60 mg/L was achieved; in the case of humidity, there was a decrease of approximately 50%, which affected the decrease of the microbial population of yeasts, Bacillus spp., and Lactobacillus spp. in more than 90%. In conclusion, the efficient microorganisms allow the reduction of more than 70% of bad odors represented by ammonia, generated by the accumulation of poultry excreta. Index Terms— Efficient microorganisms, poultry, wastes, air contamination, aerobiology, pathogens
Biostabilization of poultry excreta through efficient microorganisms for the control of environmental contamination En la ciudad de Calceta (Manabí, Ecuador) se han identificado tres granjas avícolas destinadas a la producción de huevos, las cuales no realizan tratamiento alguno de las excretas de las aves ponedoras, lo que conlleva la generación de gases y malos olores que afectan a la población. El presente trabajo analiza la eficiencia en la reducción de la contaminación del aire al tratar las excretas avícolas con diferentes dosis de microorganismos eficientes (EMs). Se diseñó el experimento de manera unifactorial con cuatro tratamientos, tomando como base 5 Kg de excretas de avícolas. Se agregaron dosis volumétricas de 0,5; 1,0; y 1,5 litros de EMs; mientras que, se agregó 1 litro de agua como control. Se evaluó la variación de parámetros como el pH, humedad, amonio y el desarrollo de colonias de Bacillus spp., Lactobacillus spp. y levaduras. El proceso de bioestabilización fue evaluado con dos mediciones, la primera a los 10 días y la segunda a los 20 días de aplicación de los EMs. Los resultados demuestran que a los 20 días los valores del pH alcanzaron rangos entre 8,3 y 7,6; disminución de concentraciones de amonio desde 3,14 mg/L hasta 0,60 mg/ L; en el caso de la humedad, existió una disminución de aproximadamente 50%, lo cual afectó en la disminución de la población microbiana de levaduras, Bacillus spp., y Lactobacillus spp. en más de un 90%. Se concluye que los microorganismos eficientes empleados permiten la reducción de más del 70% de malos olores representados por el amoniaco, generados por la acumulación de excretas avícolas. Palabras clave: microorganismos eficientes; aves; desechos; contaminación del aire; aerobiología; patógenos. Abstract In the city of Calceta (Manabí, Ecuador) three poultry farms have been identified for the production of eggs, which do not perform any treatment of the excreta of the laying birds, which leads to the generation of gases and bad odors that affect the population. The present work analyzes the efficiency in the reduction of air pollution when treating poultry excreta with different doses of efficient microorganisms (EMs). The experiment was designed in a unifactorial way with four treatments, based on 5 Kg of poultry excreta. Volumetric doses were added in the following order: 0,5; 1,0; and 1,5 liters of EMs; while, 1 liter of water was added as control. The variation of parameters such as pH, humidity, ammonium and the development of colonies of Bacillus spp., Lactobacillus spp. and yeasts. The biostabilization process was evaluated with two measurements, the first at 10 days and the second at 20 days of application of the EMs. The results show that at 20 days the pH values reached ranges between 8,3 and 7,6; a decrease in ammonium concentrations from 3,14 mg/L to 0,60 mg/L was achieved; in the case of humidity, there was a decrease of approximately 50%, which affected the decrease of the microbial population of yeasts, Bacillus spp., and Lactobacillus spp. in more than 90%. In conclusion, the efficient microorganisms allow the reduction of more than 70% of bad odors represented by ammonia, generated by the accumulation of poultry excreta. Keywords: efficient microorganisms; poultry; wastes; air contamination; aerobiology; pathogens.
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