Background: A common polymorphism (1245A>C) in the HSD3B1 gene is associated with increased de novo synthesis of androgens and worse outcomes in men treated with androgen-deprivation therapy for metastatic castrationsensitive prostate cancer. The objective of the study was to determine whether this polymorphism is associated with outcomes for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide. Patients and methods: A total of 547 patients treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide from two prospective cohorts were evaluated. The HSD3B1 genotype was determined by targeted sequencing and/or TaqMan single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping. In cohort 1, patients were randomized to receive abiraterone þ prednisone or enzalutamide. In cohort 2, patients received either agent according to investigator's choice. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response rate, time to PSA progression (TTPP), time to progression (TTP) and overall survival were determined. Associations between HSD3B1 genotypes and outcomes were evaluated via univariate Cox regression. Multivariable Cox model was used to determine the independent association of each covariate. Results: The HSD3B1 variant genotype (CC) was present in 15% of patients and was associated with worse TTP [hazard ratio (HR) 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02e1.67, P ¼ 0.032] and PSA response rates (48% for CC versus 62% and 65% for AA and AC, respectively [P ¼ 0.019]), with no significant difference in TTPP (HR 1.28, 95% CI 0.99e1.66, P ¼ 0.064). The effect of genotype was similar for treatment with abiraterone or enzalutamide with a negative test for interaction for TTPP (P ¼ 0.997) and TTP (P ¼ 0.749). Multivariable analysis did not show a significant association between genotype and TTP or TTPP. Conclusions: The HSD3B1 (CC) genotype was associated with shorter TTP and lower PSA response rate in patients with mCRPC treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide. However, the CC genotype did not provide prognostic information beyond that conferred by standard clinical variables, suggesting that it may not be a suitable stand-alone biomarker in mCRPC.

Background:Owing to the limited validity of clinical data on the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) and bone metastases, biochemical markers are a promising tool for predicting survival, disease progression and skeletal-related events (SREs) in these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive capacity of biochemical markers of bone turnover for mortality risk, disease progression and SREs in patients with PCa and bone metastases undergoing treatment with zoledronic acid (ZA).Methods:This was an observational, prospective and multicenter study in which ninety-eight patients were included. Patients were treated with ZA (4 mg every 4 weeks for 18 months). Data were collected at baseline and 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 months after the beginning of treatment. Serum levels of bone alkaline phosphtase (BALP), aminoterminal propeptide of procollagen type I (P1NP) and beta-isomer of carboxiterminal telopeptide of collagen I (β-CTX) were analysed at all points in the study. Data on disease progression, SREs development and survival were recorded.Results:Cox regression models with clinical data and bone markers showed that the levels of the three markers studied were predictive of survival time, with β-CTX being especially powerful, in which a lack of normalisation in visit 1 (3 months after the beginning of treatment) showed a 6.3-times more risk for death than in normalised patients. Levels of these markers were also predictive for SREs, although in this case BALP and P1NP proved to be better predictors. We did not find any relationship between bone markers and disease progression.Conclusion:In patients with PCa and bone metastases treated with ZA, β-CTX and P1NP can be considered suitable predictors for mortality risk, while BALP and P1NP are appropriate for SREs. The levels of these biomarkers 3 months after the beginning of treatment are especially important.

RESUMENEl objetivo de esta investigación es conocer la respuesta de los padres a la oferta de participación que realizan los centros de Educación Primaria, así como los motivos y concepciones que promueven la colaboración de las familias con la oferta que reciben. Los modelos teóricos de Epstein y Vogels sirven de fundamento teórico y metodológico para el desarrollo de este estudio. La muestra asciende a 110 familias de alumnos de primaria y representa a una población 41.799 familias sevillanas. Para la recogida de datos se elabora un cuestionario ad hoc basado en la conjunción de los modelos teóricos de Vogels y Epstein. Los resultados muestran las preferencias por unas determinadas opciones de colaboración, así como la coexistencia de concepciones y motivaciones que representan distintos niveles de implicación y compromiso con la educación.Palabras clave: participación familiar, modelos, centros educativos, educación primaria. FAMILY INVOLVEMENT IN PRIMARY EDUCATION ABSTRACTThe aim of this research study was to analyse parents´ involvement in primary schools and the reasons and conceptions that may foster such involvement. The models of Epstein and Correspondencia:Vogels served as a theoretical and methodological basis in this study. The sample comprised 110 families with primary school pupils. The population was made up of 41,799 families from Seville, Spain. The confidence level was set at 95% and sampling error was ± 10. An ad hoc questionnaire based on the theoretical models of Epstein and Vogels was developed for data collection. The results showed that parents preferred certain collaboration options. Some conceptions and motivations combined, thus showing different levels of involvement in and commitment to education.

A seven-item patient-centric PRO instrument was able to separate advanced malignancy patients into cohorts who their physicians deemed were at differing stages in their cancer journey with increasing needs for advance care planning. A study to determine if the threshold scores identified in this pilot correlate with palliative/EOL consultation frequency and patient survival is underway.

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